Johann Rudolf Glauber (Glauber JR)

(1604-1668)
. Glauber owned one more important secret - way to get "Spiritus Salis - hydrochloric acid HCl salt from the action of sulfuric acid.
. Johann Rudolf Glauber was born in 1604, and his youth had at the time of devastating religious wars in Germany
. Years of wandering in the ruined homeland, misery and disease - and now, finally, fortune smiled on persistent and inquisitive young man: he became an assistant pharmacist Noyshtadtskogo Eisner. During the year of the Glauber gained experience and knowledge and was able to get a job in a pharmacy in Vienna. But the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) continued, and the young chemist had to move first in Salzburg, then in Kassel, then - in Paris.
Finally, in 1644 Glauber, who has become a respected scholar and gained fame as one of the most skilled chemists of his time, was invited to occupy the post of manager of the count's pharmacy in Gisenyi. That's where his talent unfolded research chemist! Here Glauber managed to get out of the iron sulphate is very pure sulfuric acid, heating in a retort crystals FeSO4. 7H2O and fending off the resulting product - "vitriol", which, as it turned out, could not only dissolve the copper, but copper ores. Later, in Amsterdam, Glauber was used to produce sulfuric acid and alum KAl (SO4) 2. 12H2O and "white vitriol" - zinc sulfate ZnSO4. 7H2O, which behave similarly when heated vitriol.
He has developed and the method of obtaining nitric acid HNO3 interaction of sulfuric acid with nitrate KNO3. Concentrated nitric acid ( "spiritus nitrification") proved to be extremely caustic liquid, which dissolves all metals (and iron - "Mars", and copper - "Venus", and silver - "moon"), only the gold ( "sun") remained in nitric acid unchanged.
. Glauber owned one more important secret - way to get "Spiritus Salis - hydrochloric acid HCl salt from the action of sulfuric acid
. Heating of this mixture gave a colorless gas with a sharp suffocating odor (Hydrogen chloride), which is the absorption of water, hydrochloric acid gave. And one indisputable achievement Glauber - that heating a mixture of nitric acid and sal ammoniac - ammonium chloride NH4Cl - he received the "aqua regia - a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids that dissolves gold, even
. After moving to a small town near Amsterdam Kittsinger, indefatigable alchemist-chemist continued his research, and soon learned to get a concentrated acetic acid, CH3COOH of wine (ethyl) alcohol C2H5OH ...
. Johann Rudolf Glauber known not only to research methods of the receipt acids
. On his account and the allocation of the famous "Glauber's salt - sodium sulphate Na2SO4. 10H2O, and getting the set of previously unknown salts - nitrates and chlorides, the emission of ammonia NH3, obtaining ammonium sulfate (NH4) 2SO4 ( "sal ammonia sekretum Glauber"), which he used as fertilizer in your garden.
Preserved information that the great chemist first isolated and used for medical purposes S6N5ON phenol (carbolic acid) and a number of plant alkaloids, have successfully engaged in glass-and develop ways to produce a colored glass ...