Lev Semenovich Vygotsky

(1896 - 1934) - Domestic psychologist, the creator of cultural-historical concept of the development of higher mental functions. Until the second half of the 20-ies. studied the problem of perception of art, singling out in the emotional sphere, perceiving this or that piece of art, two different directions of passion, which was withdrawn in contrast catharsis which are the basis of aesthetic reactions. In this paper, 'The Historical Meaning of psychological crisis' has begun to analyze the general problems of methodology and theory of psychology and the construction methodology of Marxist psychology. Engaged Defectology problems created in his laboratory abnormal psychology of childhood (1925 - 1926), formulated a new theory of abnormal child. In the last phase of his work explored the relation of thought and speech, the development of values in ontogeny, egocentric speech ( 'Thinking and speech', 1934). Introduced the concept of zone of proximal development. Had a significant impact on both the domestic (AN. Leontiev, ap. Luria, AV. Zaporozhec), and global psychological thought.