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Bunge Fyodor (Friedrich Georg)

( Human Research Baltic region)

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Biography Bunge Fyodor (Friedrich Georg)
(1803 - 1897). Received a law degree from the University of Dorpat. In 1822, Mr.. Bunge wrote "Wie und nach welchen Regeln mussen die in Livland geltenden Gesetze interpretier werdenN". Soon Bunge was appointed lecturer of Russian language at the University of Dorpat. In 1823, Mr.. began to teach law in the Baltic Sea as a privat-docent. At the same time served as a magistrate and member of the syndicates on urban management Dorpat. By this time, is compiling "Chronologisches Repertorium der ressischen Gesetze und Verordnungen fur Liv-, Esth-und Curland" (1,823 - 1,826). In 1826, Mr.. Bunge received from the University of Heidelberg a doctorate for his work "Ueber den Sachsenspiegel als Quelle des mittleren und umgearbeiteten livlandischen Ritterrechts" (Riga, 1827). In 1831, Mr.. Bunge elected Professor. The first work devoted to historical research Bunge in the area of local law, they contain the first attempt to establish a link between the sources of local law and Germanic (in particular with the mirror of Saxony). Having subsequently with the theories of Savigny, Bunge became a staunch supporter of the historical school and devoted himself entirely the history of the development of local law. His task was complicated by the fact that in this area before it was made very few. Bunge had time to study the history of sources of law, the history of public law (history classes), and civil rights, the least investigated. These issues are devoted to his works "Beitrage zur Kunde der liv-, est-und kerlandischen Rechtsquellen" (1831); "Forschungen auf dem Gebiete der liv-, est-und kurlandischen Rechtsgeschichte. I. Beitrag. Geschichtliche Entwicklung der Standesvtrhaltnisse "(1838) and outlines the course introduction to the history of local law 1824. and the course of civil law (1825). Labor demanded special training capital works Bunge "Das liv-und est-landische Privatrecht wissenschaftlich dargestellt", 1838 - 1839 (2 volumes). This work, completed and revised in 1847 - 1848 years, is still the most valuable statement of the local civil rights and remarkable for their scientific merit. Later (1851), Bunge published "Das kurlandische Privatrecht" (1 t.), containing a system of Courland law. The results of studies on the history of sources of law are summarized in "Einleitung in die liv-'est' und kurlandische Rechtsgeschichte" (1849), . - Work, . which is also to this day is unsurpassed in completeness and accuracy of the complex history of the development of local sources,
. In 1835, Mr.. Bunge has taken the publication of historical and statistical weekly; "Das Inland", and from 1840 - 1853 period, together with Professor Madai published collections of legal "Theoretische, praktische Erorterungen aus den in Lief-, Est-u. Kurland geltenden Rechten "(5 volumes). In 1842, Mr.. Bunge was forced to the Minister of Education Uvarov leave the university. In 1843, Mr.. Bunge moved to Reval, where he was elected city mayor syndic and soon. At Revel, citing the order of an ancient archive Magistrate (cm. his article "Nachrichten uber das alte Archiv des Revaler zu Reval", 1844), published "Die Quellen des Revaler Stadtrechts" (1844 - 1847) as part of the general meeting of the Baltic sources of law ( "Sammlung d. Rechtsquellen Liv-, Est-u. Kurlands "), undertaken with the participation of professors and Madai, and Pauker Rummel. In addition, he began to publish letters in the "Liv-, Est-u. Kurlandisches Urkundenbuch "(1852 - 1869, 5 vols., So far only happened 10 vols.), And private documents in the" Est-u. livlandische Brieflade "(together with Baron Toll 1 t. 1856 - 1857, only 2 vols.). At the same time, Bunge founded the journal "Archiv fur die Geschichte Liv-, Est-u. Kurlands "(first 5 min. issued to them individually, 5, 6, together with Pauker, 1842 - 1854), which contains some of his articles. In 1856, Mr.. Bunge was instructed II Immediate Office of His Imperial Majesty's Office draw up an inventory of local civil laws. By codification of Bunge have already had a relationship. In 1833, Mr.. Speranskii on behalf of a plan of the Baltic codification of civil law ( "Wie kann der Rechtszustand der Ostseeprovinzen am zweckmassigsten gestaltet werdenN", 1833). The result of preparatory work is composed Bunge history of local civil rights ( "Geschichte des liv-, est-und kurlandischen Privatrechts", 1862, anonymous). An extensive set of draft was finished in 1862, Mr. Bunge. and at his request has been sent to the opinion of other experts on local law, mostly practitioners; revised text approved by the Highest November 12, 1864, Mr.. and entered into force on 1 July 1865. Merits Bunge in the codification of that time have been recognized by local gentry and urban corporations. At the end of a set of Bunge has participated in the drafting of the mortgage and other statutes, developed the so-called "Central-justizcommission", met at Dorpat. In 1865, Mr.. Bunge settled in Gotha, and then in Wiesbaden. And there he continued his work on the publication of the monuments and the development of a variety of historical issues. A very valuable edition of the ancient legal compilations: "Altlivlands Rechtsbucher" (1879) and "Liv-, est-und kurlandische Urkundenregisten bis 1300" (1881), which has an extensive list of all known letters in the XIII. Of the monographs should be noted: "Die Revaler Rathslinie" (1874), "Die Geschichte des Gerichtswesens und Gerichtsverfahrens in Liv-, Esth-und Kurland" (1874), "Das Herzogthum Esthland unter den Konigen von Danemark" (1877). Publication "Unkundenregisten" was the last scientific work Bunge; in 1881. He lost his sight and the last 16 years of life lived in Wiesbaden. Merits Bunge in the study of law and history of the Baltic region are enormous. He not only managed to collect and publish almost everything of any great sources, . making them, . thereby, . available for research, he was able to re-create a concise history of the local law is almost in its entirety, . and determine the remaining strength of the results of centuries and the complexity of its development,
. This made them almost single-handedly, few of his predecessors, usually involve only those specific institutions or episodes of legal history, but coverage of internal communication elements, which compose of the local law. The only through his works became possible codification of the local civil rights. Proceedings of his brief, is always very accurate and complete factual basis; from risky assumptions and hypotheses, he refrained. Bunge was able to notice in the institutions of local law as their relationship with obschegermanskimi beginning and the peculiar character, despite the fact that, for example, in the succession or familistic law, this distinction - a very difficult task. Later researchers have largely only confirmed and developed it made the thought; correct as it had only in rare cases. Autobiography Bunge printed W. Greiffenhagen (1891); more detailed and accurate biography of him written by H. Diederichs, published in "Baltische Monatsschift" (1897); See. also article Kasso, "Journal of the Ministry of Justice, 1897, November. Baron A. Nolde.


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