Vladislav IV

(1632 - 1648) Born in 1595, Mr.. Under the contract of February 4, 1610, Mr.. near Smolensk between King Sigismund and the Moscow Embassy, . Vladislav was supposed to take - on the conditions limiting its power in favor of the Boyar Duma and the Zemsky Sobor, . recognition of the servicemen and people of personal integrity property, . adoption of Orthodoxy - the throne,
. Insincere attitude of Sigismund to the contract, changing circumstances in Moscow and the national movement, which culminated in his election to the throne of Mikhail Romanov, Vladislav prevented occupy the throne. In 1617, Mr.. Vladislav, encouraged by the Polish Sejm, unsuccessfully attempted to seize the throne, having limited territorial concessions to Moscow by Poland Deulino Truce (1618). Entering the Polish throne, Vladislav inherited from his father's strained relationship to the Muscovite state, immediately after the death of Sigismund relieved open struggle, when in 1632, Mr.. Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, using bezkorolevem in Poland, the thought of capturing Smolensk and sent Boyar Shein with the army for the siege. Vlad arrived, with an army and forced to surrender Sheina. But the attempt to capture Moscow Vladislav failed, and the world on the river Polyanovke (1634) he was forced to renounce claims to the throne. And in other foreign policy matters Vladislav was unsuccessful. Having inherited from his father's claim to the throne of Sweden, he found no support in the Diet and had to be content shtumsdorfskim Truce (1635) for 26 years, according to which Poland was returning only Royal Prussia. In 1637, Mr.. Vladislav entered into an alliance with Austria, had married the daughter of Emperor Frederick II, and thus joined the powers that have supported the Catholic reaction in Western Europe. This was contrary to the religious beliefs of the Wladyslaw, his former sympathies to the alliance with France, as well as the benefits of Poland, for which, in alliance with the Protestants, offer an opportunity to return more lost in the XIV century. Silesia. Only in the last years of his life, after entry into a second marriage with Maria Gonzaga, Vladislav, under the influence of his wife, Yuri Ossolinskogo Chancellor and the Venetian ambassador Tiepolo, began again to come closer to France and the thought of war with Turkey. He has already begun to recruit troops and arming the Cossacks, but the nobles, who suspected the king in pursuit of the coup, at the Diet in 1646, Mr.. King filed a request to dissolve the army and do not type it without the permission of the Seimas. Vlad had to abandon all plans of conquest. In domestic policy, Vladislav eager to go on other ways than his father. The enemy of the Jesuits, lamented the rise of religious intolerance in Poland, the start, with the assistance of the Sejm, the persecution of the Catholics Protestants (the massacre in 1640, Mr.. over Vilna Calvinists), Vladislav sought an agreement between Catholics and Protestants, but arranged with the assistance of Vladislav their "Colloquium charitativum" in Torun (1645) proved fruitless. Approved in 1633, Mr. Vladislav. recognition of the Orthodox dioceses Lvov, Przemysl, Lutsk and Mogilev not stop oppressing Catholics and Orthodox patronize uniatam. Vladislav was powerless to stop the oppression of nobles and common people, whom he sympathized with. Cossack revolts Sulima (1635) and Pavlyuk (1637) brought a resolution of the Seimas in 1638, Mr.. the enslavement of the Cossacks in the Ukraine. New uprising Ostranitsa and Guni were harbingers of a formidable movement of Bogdan Khmelnitsky. Vladislav their direct relations with the Cossacks and open minded Khmelnitsky, powerless monarchy threw the last spark in a combustible material prepared. Vladislav died May 20, 1648, having received news of the defeat of the Poles in Khmelnyts'kyi Yellow Waters. In the Cossack songs preserved the memory of him as an enemy of the gentry. - See. A. Prochaska "Hetm. Zolkiewskiego traktat pod Moskwa 1610 "(" Przegl. hist ", XIII, 1911); his own" Wyprawa na Smolensk "(" Kwart. hist. ", 1911); Szajnocha" Dwa lata dziejow naszych. 1646 - 1648 "(Lvov. 1865 - 1869); L. Kubaa "Jerzy Ossolinski" (in "Przewodnik nauk. i liter. "Lviv, 1882); W. Czermark "Plany wojny tureckiej Wladyslawa IV" ( "Rozprawy" Krak. Academy of Sciences, XXI, 1895); A. Szelagowski "Sprawa polnocna ww. XVI i XVII "(Warsaw, 1905); Rumbold z Poloska" Zdrowie Wlad. IV "(" Przegl. Hist. "(XIII - XIV, 1911 - 12). N. I.