Kovalevskaya, Sofya V.

(1850 - 1891). The age of eight she took lessons from Malevich, who published in the "Russian Antiquities" (December 1890) my memories of her. In 1868, Kovalevskaya married Vladimir Kovalevsky Onufrievich (see), and the couple went abroad. Within two years, Kovalevskaya listened mathematical lectures at the University of Heidelberg. In 1872 in Berlin, Weierstrass, Kovalevskaya interested talent, led her classes. In 1874 the University of Gottingen, for the protection of the dissertation ( "Zur Theorie der partiellen Differentialgleichungen"), recognized Kovalevskaya Ph.D.. In 1881, Kovalevskaya was elected a member of the Moscow Mathematical Society. Upon the death of her husband Kovalevskaya moved with her daughter in Stockholm (1884) and was chair of mathematics at the University of Stockholm, with a commitment to lecture the first year of German, but with the second - in Swedish. She quickly mastered the Swedish language and printed in that language his mathematical work and literary works. In 1888 she was awarded the Paris Academy of Sciences Prize for the study of rigid body rotation about a fixed point. In 1889, two works that stand in relation to previous work, Kovalevskaya received an award from the Stockholm Academy, and was elected a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy. From the mathematical works of Kovalevskaya best known: "Zur Theorie der partiellen Differentialgleichungen" (1874, . "Journal fur die reine und angewandte Mathematik", . Volume LXXX); "Sur le probleme de la rotation d, . un corps solide autour d'un point fixe "(1889, . "Acta Mathematika", . 12, . 2); "Sur une propriete du systeme d'equations differentielles qui definit la rotation d'un corps solideautour d'un point fixe" (1890, . "Acta Mathematika", . 14, . 1; in the last two papers presented Kovalevskaya open its new case of motion of a rigid body, . a fixed point, . in addition to two cases, . before it opened by Euler and Lagrange),
. On the mathematical works of Kovalevskaya cm. abstracts A.G. Stoletov, N.E. Zhukovsky and P.A. Nekrasov in "Matematicheskii Sbornik", Volume XVI, published separately (Moscow, 1891). Kovalevskaya reached the top academic career, but could not find full satisfaction in academic writings and delivered their fame. Years of her greatest fame was for her years of profound mental anguish and shattered hopes of happiness. Observant and thoughtful, she has a great potential for artistic representation of what is seen and felt. Literary talent later awoke in her, and premature death prevented him sufficiently to determine. In Russian literary works of Kovalevskaya appeared: "Reminiscences of George Elliot" ( "Russian Thought", . 1886, . ? 6); delightful "Reminiscences of Childhood" (Journal of Europe ", . 1890, . ? 7 and 8); "Three days in peasant University in Sweden" ( "North,
. Vestnik ", 1890, No. 12); posthumous poem (" The Herald of Europe ", 1892, No. 2), together with others, these works came out separately under the title" Literary works Kowalewski (St. Petersburg, 1893). Long time remained unknown in Russia, written by her Swedish memories of the Polish uprising and the novel "п?п?пЁп?п?п?я?я?п?п°" plot which belongs to the end of 1860 (Russian translation published in 1906). Of particular interest to the individual characteristics Kowalewski is "Kampen fur Lyckan" (Stockholm, 1887; Russian translation of "The Struggle for Happiness", Kiev, 1892). In this drama, . Kowalewski written in collaboration with the Swedish writer-Leffler Kayanello, . but entirely on the idea Kowalewski, . she wanted to portray the fate and development of the same people with two opposing points of view: "as it was and how could it be",
. At the bottom of this drama is the belief that all behavior is predetermined, but may be times when the further course of life depends on the chosen path. According to Leffler (Wed. her memories of Kovalevskaya in the Kiev collection to help victims of famine ", 1892), in the principal of the female figures of this drama, Alice, reflected the personality itself Kowalewski. - See. detailed memories Leffler (in the "Northern Messenger" 1892 - 1893 period and Dep., St. Petersburg.), in a biographical book Litvinova library Pavlenkova; Koltonovskaya "feminine silhouette"; Vengerov "Sources".