Johann Gutenberg (Gutenberg Johann)

(between 1397 and 1400 - 1468)
Born in Mainz, Gensflyaysh father changed his name to the surname of the mother - Gutenberg. After 1420 the family was banished from the city for political reasons (in Mainz, then there is a rapid confrontation patrician birth and guilds) and settled in Strasbourg. It is also unknown, . Gutenberg, where he studied the craft, . but in 1434 was recognized as a master in Strasbourg, . in 1438 became a partner Andreas Drits and brothers Heylmannov, . Andreas and Anton, . agreeing to teach them some 'secrets of art', . including the art of printing,
. Death Drits at the end of that year was the cause of litigation, during which two of his brothers to recognize that they demanded the right of the late Group Company. In the trial transcript contains the earliest information about the activities of Gutenberg. The litigation was resolved in favor of Gutenberg, and he stayed to work in Strasbourg. In 1448 he returned to his native Mainz, which has concluded an agreement on 'Book Production' with Johann Fust (or Faust), a goldsmith, had loaned him 800 guilders on bail of a machine that Gutenberg had pledged to make. In addition, Fust took him a year to pay 300 guilders.
Gutenberg asked for their money a few times, and in 1455 Fust demanded repayment of their investments. Gutenberg did not want or could not return the required amount, and although the court did not reach us, probably, he was forced to give the former partner and his printing press, and the entire set. This may explain the fact, . that large-scale, 42 small Latin Bible folio, . or Mazarin Bible, . first extant book, . printed with a set of movable type, . often called the Gutenberg Bible, . was actually released in 1456 Fust, together with Peter Sheffer with typesetting boards, . who prepared Gutenberg,
. It is also likely, . what, . Fust working together with the 42-line Bible, . Gutenberg also published the 36-line Bible, . known as the Bamberg Bible (also known as Shelhornskoy Bible, . or Pfisterskoy Bible), . as well as papal indulgences 1454,
.

After the 1458 Gutenberg constantly in financial difficulties. It is known that a certain Dr Conrad Homer (or Gumer), a member of the Board of Mainz, Gutenberg has provided tools and a set required to work. According to some researchers, Katolikon Johann Balba of 1460 was printed by these fonts. Other historians attribute the publication Katolikona Heinrich Behtermyuntse or Peter Shaffer. Himself Gutenberg and his invention was not brought prosperity, while rival printing Fust and Schaeffer has successfully developed until the capture of Mainz II Adolf in 1462. The last years of life spent Gutenberg in Mainz, or in neighboring Eltvile, and in 1465 the Elector of Nassau Adolf made him the beneficiary of a court.

Gutenberg died in Mainz on Feb. 3, 1468.