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CARL V

( Holy Roman Emperor, King of Spain (as Carlos I))

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Biography CARL V
(1500-1558)
Because of the vastness of his possessions was deeply involved in the dynastic struggle with France, and in desperate attempts to stop the Turkish invasion, and in the rearguard action of the Catholic Reformation in. Charles was born in the castle Printsesgof near Ghent (Flanders) 25 February 1500, his father was the Duke of Burgundy Philip the Fair, and his mother - Juana the Mad, daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. The native language of Karl was the French, and the education he received in Flanders.
Inheritance Charles. Charles owned a much larger territory than the one on which the extended power of Charlemagne. Historians consider this phenomenon as a consequence of deliberately held Habsburgs in life motto A. E. I. O. U., ie. Austriae est imperare orbi universo (Latin. 'Austria must edit the whole world'). This process began with the sudden death in 1506 his father Charles and Philip, the son of Emperor Maximilian I, therefore, Karl became the Duke of Burgundy. Charles declared of age in 1515, . and next year the death of his maternal grandfather, . leaving Spain, and all dependent on her mother's territory Karl, . Mentally Juan, . with a (nominal) Karl and rules until her death in 1555,


. Since that time, as Charles, Duke of Burgundy was the sovereign of Burgundy estates (self Duchy at that time entered the domain of French kings), . covers the counties of Burgundy (or Franche-Comtц?), . Flanders, . Dutch, . Gennegau and Artois, . as well as the Duchy of Brabant and Luxembourg,
. As the King of Spain Charles owned by the Kingdom of Castile and Navarre, Granada, . Aragon with the Kingdom of Valencia, . autonomous province of Catalonia, . Balearic Islands, . kingdoms of Naples, . Sicilian and Sardinian, . as well as the territories in the New World,
.

The third part of the possessions of Charles had come to him after the death of paternal grandfather Maximilian, followed on Jan. 12, 1519. This is the land of the Habsburgs: archduchy Austria, the Duchy of Carinthia and Carniola, part of Istria with access to the Adriatic Sea, Tyrol, as well as other lands are scattered in different parts of Europe. The title of the emperor also became vacant, and Carl resolute to get it (in the rivalry with his younger brother Ferdinand), despite the claims of the French King Francis I of France. Charles got his way, distributed as bribes to seven of electors (Elector) of the amount of 850 000 florins, received loans from the major banking houses Germanic Fugger and Welser. Silver crown of King of Germany, Karl was in 1521 in Aachen, and in 1530 in Bologna, Pope crowned him as the Holy Roman Emperor.

Challenges faced by Karl, were very complicated. In his possession was not observed administrative unity. Castile, Aragon, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia have independent controls. The same can be said about the various states that were part of the Hapsburg Empire. The first step was the transfer of the domain of Charles of Habsburg in 1521 in the management of his younger brother Ferdinand, who in the same year he married Anne of the Czech and Hungary, thus denoting the claims of the respective thrones of the Habsburg.

The main bulwark of the empire of Charles were the Spanish possessions, through which he could exercise all their ideas. However, these companies fell on the growing burden on the treasury, since military spending has increased steadily. If in 1494 ekpeditsionny body strength of 6000 people was considered sufficient for the invasion of Italy, by 1520, due to the fact that the Italians have improved their capacity, the need arose in a much larger force. Thus, the army, the opposing of Pavia (1525), numbered 30 000 people each, and of Mц?hlberg (1547) Karl had to put up 70 000 people.

The first visit of Charles V of Spain (1517-1520) had a dual purpose: to obtain from local Cortes recognition of their royal authority and to increase contributions to the royal treasury. Arriving with Carl Flemish courtiers caused envy and suspicion among the Spaniards, says that those 'sucked dry the King'. Nevertheless, Charles managed to convince his Spanish subjects, and the money he was given. Regarding the type of person Karl, especially in the age of the wounded was probably the Fleming, but he managed to take on responsibilities that are specific to the Spanish monarch. He is imbued with piety and mysticism, the spirit of the Crusades against Islam and the heretics. Nevertheless, devotion and love of Spanish subjects came to him not immediately. When Charles left the country for the first time, leaving his place of his Flemish tutor Adrian (the future Pope Adrian VI), Castilian cities revolted (TN. rebellion komuneros, 1520-1522) and to cope with them has only himself to Karl, who perpetrate ruthless massacre of the rebels.







War with France.

Last years in power.


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