Marcello Malpighi (Malpighi Marcello)

(1628-1694)
Born March 10, 1628 in Krevalkore (Papal States). In 1653 he graduated from the University of Bologna, receiving a doctorate in medicine, in 1656 became a professor of the University of. He was a professor of medicine of Pisa (1656-1659), Bologna (1660-1662, 1666-1691) and Messina (1662) universities. Since 1692 - Life-physician of Pope Innocent XII in Rome and at the same time professor of the Pontifical College.
The main focus of Malpighi microscopic anatomy of animals and plants. Scientist first used a microscope to study the structure of the brain, retina, nerves, spleen, kidneys, etc.. Using a microscope with a 180-fold magnification, described (1661) network of capillary blood vessels that connect arteries to veins, which failed to make W. Harvey, discoverer of blood circulation. In 1666 saw the renal tubules and formulated the first ideas about uropoiesis. Malpighi considered the founder of the anatomy of invertebrates, the beginning of which he put in his treatise on the silkworm (Dissertatio epistolica de bombyce, 1669). For this work, Malpighi was elected a member of the Royal Society of London. Another great work of the scientist is devoted to the fine structure of plant. He described the microstructure of the leaves, stems, roots, buds, flowers. He opened the vascular elements of the stem, established the existence of ascending and descending currents of substances in plants. Other botanical work related to the external anatomy of plants - their reproductive organs, leaves. Malpighi - by a two-volume work The Anatomy of Plants (1675-1679). Name Malpighi identified many open their bodies and structures: Malpighian corpuscles (in the kidneys and spleen), Malpighian layer (the skin), Malpighian tubes.

Malpighi died in Rome on 30 November 1694.