Sholom Aleichem

Psevddonim real name - Solomon (Sholom Nohumovich) Rabinowitz
(1859-1916)
Born March 2, 1859 in Pereyaslav (Russia, now Ukraine). He studied in the heder, he studied Hebrew, with seventeen years made a living tutoring. When he fell in love with one of her students, her father drove him from the estate. Last several years 'State-owned' rabbi in the town Luben, Sholom Aleichem was married to Olga Loew in 1883, and two years later her father died, leaving a large estate. By 1900 Sholom Aleichem lost his fortune and retired to devote himself to literature.
Pogroms in 1905 led by Sholom Aleichem to leave Russia. He undertook a tour of lectures in Europe, but the exacerbation of pulmonary disease in 1908 forced him to leave the company until the outbreak of World War II, the writer and his family lived in Italy and Switzerland. The war found them in Germany, where they quickly moved to Denmark and in the same year moved to New York, where Sholom Aleichem died May 13, 1916.

The first of his works of Sholom Aleichem wrote in Hebrew, in Russian and Yiddish. Pamphlet trial Shomer (Shomers Mishpat, 1888), derided writer's Shomer (NM. Shaikevich), and the success he founded 'Jewish People's Library' (1888-1889) legitimized Yiddish as a full-fledged literary language.

Sholom Aleichem was able to convey the completeness and expressiveness, humor and lyricism of the Yiddish language. The writer created his own world, peopling its Jews of all varieties, which only vodilis in Russia at the turn of the century. Each character - full-blooded personality, with its unique originality. The names of some of his characters have become the Jews in the names of common nouns. Comic by Sholom Aleichem - is 'laughter through tears', earned him the love and appreciation of world Jewry.

Books Sholom Aleichem enjoyed extraordinary success and translated into many languages. These include Tevye the Dairyman (Tevye der milhiger); play scattered and persecuted (Tsezeyt University tsershpreyt, post. 1905); Deluge (Der Mably), Menachem Mendel, a novel of the actor's life Railway History (2 vols., . 1909), The Clown Murders (Der blutiger shpas) - story, . which was based on the trial in Kiev in the case of M. Bayliss, . accused of ritual murder (1912-1913; theatrical production in 1914 is difficult to be a Jew - Schweer zu Zayn and yid) big win (Dos Groys gevins, . 1915); autobiography and fairs (Funem yarid).,