AUGUST (Augustus, Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus)

August, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, Augustus, Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus, as Octavian, 63 g. BC. EG-14 g. n. e., Roman Emperor. Born in Rome, the son of Gaius Octavius and Atii, niece of Caesar, who fathered a testament. and appointed his chief heir. In his youth, received a good education. He studied rhetoric at surveil and Apollonius of Perga, and philosophy at Aria Didymus. Name A. gave the name of the era in the culture and art, which, because of the long peace and personal interest of the ruler over rapid flowering. In Rome, A. opened two public libraries: one in the portico Octavia, the other at the temple of Apollo. It enjoyed special patronage of writers, among them Virgil, Horace and Ruth Vary. - Time And Board. - A golden age of Roman poetry. In recent years, a life. somewhat changed its attitude to literature, in any case its representatives. At 8 g. n. e. Ovid was exiled, then he Cassius Severus.

By decision of the Senate were burned historical work of Titus avalanche, because it sounded notes of opposition. A. himself wrote a poem and prose. From the poetic works of a. information reached us about the epigrams, poems on biting - festseniyah about gekzametricheskoy poem Sicily, which could describe the Sicilian war, or be of historical and geographical nature of the unfinished tragedy of Ajax. We also know that he composed the epitaph in verse for Friends. A. writing and delivering speeches. Twelve-boy, he delivered a funeral speech in honor of his grandmother Julia (51), then he spoke at the funeral of Marcellus (23), the Agrippa (12), the sister Octavia (11), the Friends (9 yrs). These speeches he prepared very carefully. He wrote letters, some of which were intended for publication, the author of biographies of Drusus, to the promotion of works of philosophy, memories of 13 books, covering the period up to 25 g. BC. e. and dedicated to Agrippa and Maecenas (alleged name: Commentarii de vita sua). Of all his works have survived only scant remains.

At the end of life, as if summing up its own activities, as. was a short description of the state, giving it the number of troops and financial balance (Breviarium totius imperii), and a description of their own actions (Index rerum a se gestarum). The original description of the acts, knocked on two bronze plaques in front of the mausoleum And. the Champ de Mars, disappeared. Copies were in all provinces in the East - in the Greek translation. In 1555, Mr.. found the Latin text of the Greek translation of the inner wall of the temple in August Antsere in Galatia (Ankara), hence its name: Monumentum Ancyranum. Fragments of two other copies are open in Apollonia and Antioch in 1914-1930 he. The document is divided into three parts, consisting of 35 chapters. In sections 1-14 lists the honors, titles, triumphs, 15-24 contain a list of donations to public affairs: giving away money and bread, entertainment, construction, 25-35 contain information on political developments during the war and peace. The document is written in simple language, without the rhetorical ornaments, has the nature of objective and specific report descendants.