Born May 20, 1963 in Moscow, Russian.
In 1985 he graduated from the Philological Faculty of Moscow State Pedagogical Institute. V. I. Lenin.
From 1986 to October 1987 he worked in the Moscow City Excursion Bureau. In 1989 - 90 he worked in co-op "Perspective". Since December 1989 - the Institute of Sociology. Since 1990 works at the Institute for Humanities and Political Studies (IGPI). Since 1992 - Deputy Director IGPI. In 1998 - the leading expert IGPI.
In 1987 - an active member of the club "Perestroika", from December 1987 to 1989 - the club, "Restructuring-88.
In 1988 - 89 was a member of editorial board of the samizdat newspaper "Chronograph". The spring of 1988 participated in the creation of the Moscow bureau of public information exchange (M-BIO), on which in 1991 created the Institute of Humanitarian and Political Studies (IGPI).
. Spring of 1994 became a member of the State Duma.
. Since 1994 - Member of the Coordinating Council of the Orange movement Subtropical Russia "(SR).
. December 17, 1995 was elected to the new composition of the State Duma.
. Member of the Bureau of the Central Council of the association "Yabloko".
. 19 December 1999 was elected to the State Duma of the third convocation.
. Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Local Government.
.
.
