Makarov, Stepan Osipovich

(1848 - 1904). In 1869 - 75 years has been busy working on the issue of the unsinkable ship and printed on several papers in the Sea Collection "(1875 - 76). In the Turkish war of 1877. distinguished himself as commander of the ship "Grand Duke Constantine". In 1881, Mr.. produced a study of currents of the Bosphorus. The results of these studies Makarov printed in the book "On the exchange of waters of the Black and Mediterranean Seas" (1883). In another essay, "The Knight and the Pacific" (1893), Makarov described the results of studies of temperature and specific gravity of seawater in the North Pacific Ocean, made Makarov, during the world tour (1886 - 89) on the corvette "Vityaz". From 1891 to 1894 years Makarov was chief inspector of marine artillery, in 1895. commanded the Pacific fleet during the Sino-Japanese War. In 1896, Mr.. Makarov was appointed commander of the First Division of the Baltic Fleet in 1899. - Commandant of the port of Kronstadt. In 1901, Mr.. an expedition to Franz Josef Land had been built on them icebreaker Ermak ". A month after the opening of hostilities with Japan, in 1904, Makarov was appointed commander of the Pacific Fleet. Feb. 24 arrived in Port Arthur, in the harbor which was blocked by the Japanese, the Russian fleet. Trying to raise the morale of the fleet, he started out with him on intelligence in the open sea. March 31, 1904, Mr.. He went to sea with the squadron, being on the battleship "Petropavlovsk". When the squadron returned, "Petropavlovsk" stumbled on a mine and sank, killing almost all of his crew, and Makarov, including. In addition to the above, Makarova owns a number of valuable works on naval tactics, the military shipbuilding, ship of the fleet and other. Makarov was one of the few of our sailors, . that, . Conscious of the inadequacy of our navy, and foreseeing the possibility of collision with Japan, . long pointed to the need to develop a plan of military action in case of conflict in the Far East and on the adoption of the corresponding preparatory measures,
. The loss of energetic Admiral month after his arrival in Port Arthur sadly reflected on the future of naval operations during the Port Arthur squadron. - See. F. Wrangel "In memory S.O. Makarov ( "Marine Digest, 1904); Semenov Admiral S.O. Makarov (Journal Europe ", 1909); F. Wrangel "Excerpts from the biography S.O. Makarov ( "Marine Digest, 1910 and following; separate edition Part 1).