Chicherin Boris

26.5/7.6.1828 - 3/15.2.1904

Overview Studied in Moscow. un-te, which was then a professor of law / 1861-1868 /. Tutor the heir to the throne of Alexander II. Mosk.gorodskoy head / 1882-1883 /. Hegelian triad tried to replace the "Notebook", replacing the antithesis of abstract and general and abstract and private. Seeks to divide the sphere of morality and law. Criticized positivism, the idea Vl.Soloveva. One of the founders of the law school in the national historiography.

Characteristics of views "Chicherin altered the scheme of the dialectical process, and this resulted in a profound contrast to the Hegelian views. N. Korkunov showed that the modifications made Chicherin not improve Hegel, on the contrary, deprive it of any significance ". (Radlov E.L. Outline of the History of Russian Philosophy. Sverdlovsk, 1991. S. 111) "The influence of Hegel and noticeably on the Kiev Professor. S. Gogotski on P. Redkin, who wrote an extensive history of ancient philosophy (7 volumes, brought to Aristotle), and B. Chicherin, the latter showed a tendency to Hegelianism in his logic, metaphysics and philosophy of law. "(Radlov E.L. Outline of the History of Russian Philosophy. Sverdlovsk, 1991. S. 111)
.
. Teaching critics of materialism
. 'When materialists make the mind of the matter, they understand the reason, not as the beginning of the world, but as a private phenomenon, in a single being, because in this form can only see it as the product of material particles
. Here, however, are insurmountable difficulties. How can a certain combination of particles to produce the consciousness of the law, going far beyond the limits of these particles? Obviously, the result of broader causes, and this contradicts the fundamental principles of the law of causality '.
(Chicherin BN. Science and Religion. M., 1879. S. 108).
. Genesis
. 'Of the four retired metaphysics are three reasons for being at his absolute nature: 1) the reason for producing, . which is being self-existent, . source and the beginning of all life, and 2) the reason for the formal, . mind, . which, . occurring on the cause of the generating, . has, . however, . beginning in himself: he himself believed, and thus becomes the absolute beginning of all its determinations, and 3) the ultimate cause, . which embodies the fullness of being, . together, and the absolute goal of all things,
. These three reasons are the absolute beginning, middle, and the absolute absolute end of all things, they are three-fold absolute. Fourth is the reason, the material, in itself there are many private and therefore not an absolute. That - and the relative area of the derived. In contrast, truly sentient being, which is absolute, it is defined as a being caused from nothingness, and therefore implicated in this insignificance '.
(Chicherin B. N. Foundations of logic and metaphysics. M., 1894. S. 347 - 348).
Hegel.
'According to Hegel, the idea of developing a contrast and removes them again, so they are just the moments than most destroyed their independence. The lack of this perspective and it led to the further development of philosophy, . is naturally split into two opposing categories, . materialist and moral: one asserted the independence of the material world, . Another advocated the existence of distinctive spiritual and moral personality ',
.
(Chicherin B. N. Of Philosophy. M., 1904. S. 163).
Legislation history
. 'We can read formulate general laws of human development: 1) The development of mankind comes from the original unity through duality to unity konechnomu.2) This movement is the change of periods of synthetic and analytical
. First characterized by the dominance of religion, the second - the development of philosophy. Analytical periods represent movement from one synthesis to drugomu.3) Each, . as synthetic, . and analytical, . period represents one or more cycles, . comprehended in the development of four main definitions of thought and being: the original unity, . or causes the generating, two opposites, . that is the cause of the formal and material causes, and finally, . End Unity, . or ultimate cause '.,
. (Chicherin B
. N. Science and Religion. M., 1879. S. 514).
Human rights
. 'Can you say, . without violating the very first grounds of fairness, . that he, . who lazy, . should enjoy the same benefits with a view, . who worked, who lavished their wealth - in order, . Who economized, who could not buy anything - so, . who could purchase? From whatever side we have not taken this issue, . equal enjoyment of the good things of life everywhere is pure chimera, . and contrary to human nature, . and properties of human relations,
. No right to enjoy the good things of life, and the right to freedom of activity for the acquisition of these goods belong to man, that is, it can be assigned to formal equality, and not material '.
(Chicherin B. N. Property and the State, h. 1.2. M., 1882 - 1883. CH. 1. S. 251 - 252).
'So we come to the conclusion that if formal equality, or equality before the law is the requirement of freedom, material equality or equality of states, contrary to freedom'.
(Ibid.. S. 259).
A priori knowledge.
'Law of ownership, as well as the laws of identity and contradiction, is not nothing but a well-known method of mind, knowing things. Therefore, it is preceded by knowledge, not extracted from him, he is an inborn property of the mind, not acquired. Therefore, it applies to all phenomena without exception, not only those who are learned, but also to those who can and can not even be the subject of knowledge '.
(Chicherin B. N. Science and Religion. M., 1879. S. 28).
Dialectics.
'What is mathematics in the number, then gives the dialectic in terms of quality. Both are expanding logic. Dialectics does not explore the infinite variety of real qualities: the case of an. But it displays the overall quality start, which binds a variety. Through these principles, all human knowledge is reduced to unity. Therefore, the dialectic is the supreme philosophical science that connects and explains all the rest '.

Major works 1 / Mysticism in Science. M., 1880, 2 / Positive Philosophy and the Unity of Science. MA, 1892; 3/Osnovaniya logic and metaphysics. M., 1894, 4 / Philosophy of law. M., 1900; 5 / Memoirs. V.1-4. M., 1929-1934.

Works of Philosophy. MA, 1904; History polit. exercises. M., 1869-1902. CH. IV; Course State. Science. M., 1894-1898. CH. I-III; Science and Religion. MA, 1901; About People. representation. MA, 1899; Positive Philosophy and the Unity of Science. M., 1892; Property and State of. M., 1882-1883. CH. I-II; Philosophy of law. Moscow, 1998; Memoirs. M., 1991.

Literature Zorkin VD. Chicherin. M., 1984; Struve P.B. At different themes: Sat. Article. SPb., 1901; Walicki A. Legal philosophies of Russian liberalism. Univ. Notre Dame Press, 1992.