Eamon de Valera (De Valera Eamon)

(1882-1975)
Born October 14, 1882 in New York. Father-Spaniard died when Eamon was three years old, his mother, who emigrated from Ireland in 1879, introduced his son to the ownership of the house near Bryuri in County Limerick. De Valera grew up in Ireland and the predominantly rural environment. He was educated in Blekrokskom College and University of Dublin. After graduation he taught mathematics.
On the eve of the First World War, de Valera led an armed group who participated in the failed 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin. De Valera was the only surviving leader of the uprising, and the British authorities sentenced him to life imprisonment. In 1917 he was freed under an amnesty, and in 1918 was elected president of the party Sinn Fein ( 'Ourselves'), speaking with the slogan of nonviolent resistance to the oppressors. In 1918, De Valera was again imprisoned, but escaped and moved to the U.S..

In 1919-1922 as a member of Doyle (the lower house of the Irish Parliament) led the opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement on the establishment of the Irish Free State (Agreement was signed on December 6, 1921). In 1922 he left the chamber in protest against the recognition of Ireland's dominion status, was again arrested and imprisoned, was released from prison in 1924. In 1927 he returned to the ranks of Doyle as leader of the opposition led his creation in 1926 the party Fianna Fц?il ( 'Soldiers of fate'), . main political requirement which was reunited with the rest of the country under the rule of Great Britain north-eastern part of it and the complete independence of the Republic of Ireland,
. In January 1932 the party Fianna Fц?il won the parliamentary elections and took power. In 1932-1948 De Valera - Prime Minister of the Irish Government and the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In 1937 De Valera made a new constitution, proclaimed 'sovereign, independent democratic state Eire' (Eire - the ancient name of Ireland). Unification of both parts of the country's De Valera hoped to achieve by peaceful means. On this issue, the government sharply disagreed with the leadership of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). In 1939 De Valera condemned the terrorist activities of the IRA.

During the Second World War, de Valera pursued a policy of neutrality and refused to make available to the UK, Irish military bases. In 1948, De Valera and Fianna Fц?il lost much of its former popularity. In February 1948 de Valera gave his post Dzh.Kostello, in which the Republic of Ireland withdrew from the Commonwealth (1949). De Valera had refrained from such a move, hoping to establish an alliance between Ireland and Northern Ireland.

After the election in 1951 de Valera once again became Prime Minister, but in May 1954 was forced to cede his Costello. The third time, De Valera became prime minister in 1957, when he was 74 пЁпЎпЄп°. In 1959, de Valera won the presidential election in 1966 was re-elected to his post in 1973, resigned.

De Valera died in Dublin on August 29, 1975.