Leopold Kronecker (Kronecker Leopold)

(1823-1891)
Born Dec. 7, 1823 in the Prussian city Liegnitz (now Legnica, Poland). After school went to Berlin University, where in 1845 received his doctorate for work on number theory. Interest in this science was awakened by Kronecker under the influence of his upper secondary school teacher, later famous mathematician E. Kummer. Up to 30 years Kronecker family business related to agriculture, and mathematics devote only free time. Successfully managed his business and becoming a wealthy man, he settled in 1855 in Berlin. There for many years taught at the university without taking a formal professorial chair, which he received only at the age of 63 years after retirement Kummer.
The main results obtained by Kronecker, belong to the theory of elliptic functions, the theory of algebraic equations and the theory of numbers. His Hilbert lemma used in proving the existence of a finite basis of invariants. Kronecker's Lectures on the theory of numbers are imbued with the idea of the need arithmetize Mathematics. He believes that the foundation of mathematics must be a number, and the basis of all the numbers - integer, but because in mathematics there is nothing except what can be represented as a finite number of positive integers. Kronecker's desire to accommodate all of mathematics in the theory of numbers illustrate his well-known statement of the congress in Berlin in 1886: 'God created the integers, and everything else - the work of man'. Strictly adhering to his convictions, Kronecker expressed poisonous remarks about the mathematicians who did not share his ideas. Once, . discussing with the FA Lindermanom his proof of the transcendence of p, . He said: 'What good is it in your wonderful study? Why deal with such problems, . When irrational numbers do not exist? " And therefore he defined p is the usual geometric way, . beside 1 - 1 / 3 + 13 - 1 / 7 + ..,
. Outstanding mathematician Weierstrass, . being already in an advanced age, . was brought to tears by the observations of Kronecker 'incorrectness of the conclusions, . dealt with by the so-called analysis', . Kantor and because of attacks on Kronecker's theory of sets was broken spiritually,
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Kronecker's ideas were furthered in some studies 20 in. on the foundations of mathematics - it's about the so-called constructive mathematics.

Died Kronecker in Berlin on Dec. 29, 1891.