Flavio Joseph (Iosephus Flavius)

Josephus; Iosephus Flavius, Greek. Iosepos, Jerusalem, 37 g. n. e. - Rome, after 100 g. n. e., a Jewish historian, who wrote in Greek. Descended from old families of the priests. In 64 g. participated in the embassy in Rome in connection with the case for the release of abducted Jewish clergy in Rome. One of the leaders of the Jewish revolt in 67 g., head of the defense of the fortress Iotarat. Taken prisoner by the Romans, has earned the attention of Vespasian, and freed the last, received Roman citizenship and the name of Flavius. - He left the following works: The Jewish War (Peri tu Iudaiku polemu; lat.Bellum Iudaicum) in 7 books, Ancient History of Israel (often quoted as the Jews of antiquity, Greek. Iudaike Archailogia, Latin. Antiquitates Iudaicae) in 20 books, Against Apion (there are several versions of Greek names, lat. Contra Apionem) in 2 books, Autobiography (Greek. Bios, Latin. Viota).

The content of the Jewish War is the Jewish revolt against Rome, which ended with the capture of Jerusalem. The author relied on his own notes, official records of Titus and Vespasian, and his observations. The work was written in Aramaic and translated not Greek. Antiquities of the Jews, created in 93-94 years. Cover the period of Jewish history from the beginning to 66 g. n. e., that is, before the uprising against Nero. The first 11 books are based on the Bible and supplemented with information from the oral tradition. When writing the next book I.F. enjoyed the writings of the Hellenistic historians. Work against Apion also called The antiquity of the Jews (Peri tes ton Iudaion archaiotetos) and was an apology for the Jewish people. The author proves the origin of the ancient culture of the Jews, rejects anti-Semitism accusations and attacks, presents an idealized view of Jewish society and the laws of Moses. Autobiography I.F. - Born author's apology, in which he expounds his views and explain the actions, stressing its pro Roman orientation. Artworks I.F. enjoy hands-popular among Christians. Latin processing Judah survived the war under the name Higezippa, read it throughout the Middle Ages. Approximately in VI. n. e. Syriac translation was made Prince. VI, which entered the canon of sacred books of the Syrian Church. In the VIII-IX centuries. was created to translate Higezippa Hebraic language, and with him was made and Arabic, from which, in turn, is an Ethiopian.