Lysias (Lysias)

Fox; Lysias, c.. 445-380 years. BC. e., Greek speaker. Ranked as the canon of 10 speakers. He was the son of a wealthy sirakuztsa Cephalus. Born in Athens and lived there until his father's death (430). Fifteen-year-boy moved to Furies (Southern Italy), where possible, brought up Theis. After 412 g. returned to Athens. He was a rich man, together with his brothers enjoyed the income from a thriving shop for dressing boards. Was repressed at 30 tyrants as a supporter of democracy in 404 g. Even before the arrest, he escaped to Megara, but his brother Polemarh was sentenced to death and executed, and property confiscated. As Metekov, L. could play a role in political life and public speaking, he was involved in writing speeches on the order book and taught eloquence. In 403 g. Trazibul made a proposal to give L. Athenian citizenship as a reward for active help, which he helped exiled Democrats, but the proposal is not accepted. The ancients knew more than 400 titles of speeches LA, but, apparently, only 233 actually belonged to him. To have survived 34 speech, and only 25 fully

. The most famous speeches to private processes include: Protection in the murder of Eratosthenes (Hyper tu Eratosthenus phonu apologia) - speech in defense of Evfileta, . who killed Eratosthenes, . convicted of adultery with his wife, Simone Protection (Simona apologia) - speech 392; charges of grievous bodily harm in a quarrel over the possession of hetaera (Peri traumatos ek pronoias); protection Callias, . accused of blasphemy (Hyper Kallia hierosylias apologia), . protection before the Areopagus accused of vykorchevanii stump olives, . which was in Athens, a sacred tree (Areopagitikos peri tu seku apologia); charge Teomnesta, . who betrayed his father's thirty, and the tribunal has caused his death (Kata Theomnestu); charge Eratosthenes - one of the thirty which L,
. accused that he was the cause of death of his brother Polemarha (Kata Eratosphenus tu genomenu ton triakonta). Among the speeches at the political process should be called The fact that it is not necessary to change the traditional devices of Athens (Peri tu me katalysai ten patron politeian Athenesi). This partially preserved speech directed against the proposals to limit citizenship to the level of landowners. From speeches against Ergokla (Kata Ergokleus) survived only epilogue. Ergokl because of his thirst for fame has become the cause of the failure of the Athenian fleet. Special mention deserve two big speeches, from which only fragments have survived: Olympic (Olympikos) and Epitaph (Epitaphios).

The first of them, obviously, delivered at Olympia in 388, contains a warning against the danger to Athens from the east (Persian king) and west (tyrant of Syracuse). Epitaph in memory of those who fell in the Corinthian War, had a purely literary character and has never been read. Her long time considered unauthentic. Today the prevailing view that all the same it was the author of A. L. possessed a unique ability to be clear about the nature and ability to adapt to the nature of the speech style. Well versed in all the rhetorical subtleties, he could totally get used to the situation of the client for whom he wrote. The ancients regarded him as a model of simple, concise style. L. avoided the rare and poetic expressions, metaphors, figures and comparisons. Most readily he used colloquial language, though not popular. Attic dialect was famous for the purity and grace (charis) speeches. He recognized the most outstanding Attic logograph. He had a great influence on Demosthenes and became a model for Roman attitsistov. The composition of his speeches was transparent, the best he could "story" about the situation. He imitated Deynarh, Haris, Higesy of Magnesia, his highly prized Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Caecilius of Kaleakte. Rhetorical Art L. enjoyed the ancient great honor.