Melnikov Viktor Semenovich

Viktor S. Melnikov - a major Soviet scientist, specialist in radio receivers technology, who made very significant contributions to the theory of transmission of digital signals. More than thirty years since that day, as he locked the door on the chain of years, and today, unfortunately, the memory of this bright and talented man keeps only a small number of his colleagues and staff. But with the name of the man linked bright page in the history of Russia's science.

. Theory of communication - one of the significant achievements of human thought, . This theory has played and continues to play a leading role in the development of new information technologies, . that, . is known, . becoming increasingly important in the life of every person, . living on Earth.,

. Especially important are two sections of communication theory - the theory of potential noise immunity, . giving the key to finding the best methods of processing received data, . affected operating in the communication channel noise, . and information theory, . specify maximum bandwidth and limit the redundancy of messages, . be transferred,
. The first theory was created in 1946 by prominent Soviet scientists in. A. Kotelnikov, who later became vice-president of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the second - in 1948 the famous American scientist to. Shannon. Both these theories have undergone significant changes and are currently developing many scientists.

B. C. Melnikov was one of those who were among the first to realize the importance of the theory of potential noise immunity for the construction of transmission systems over radio channels with fading and made a very significant contribution to its development. His name, of course, must take pride of place in the history of science.

B. C. Melnikov was born February 13, 1911 in the Siberian city of Irkutsk in the family of professional Russian revolutionary. His father, an active participant of the October Revolution, during the Kolchak revolt in 1919, was shot. Mother Viktor Semenovich was assistant. She had to bring up a son. In 1930, Melnikov graduated from high school in the city of Ulan-Ude and within a year he worked in the office radiomonterom connection. The dream of higher education and become a specialist in the new in those years and a very promising field of radio called him to Moscow. From 1931 to 1937 he was - a student at the Moscow Institute of Communications Engineers (IICI), which is now called the Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics (MTUCI).

. A capable young engineer, Melnikov immediately after graduation, stayed on as a postgraduate at the department of radio receivers
. In 1938 he was invited to the Central Research Institute of Communications (ZNIIS) - only in those years departmental Institute, Ministry of Communications, where he heads the laboratory of radio receivers.

. From 1939 to 1959 in the laboratory Melnikov developed a varied radio receiving equipment backbone cable connection to work on short-wave radio channels direct-printing machines Bodo and Creed, creates a special apparatus
. In 40-50-s short-wave communication was the only type of trunking radio, which had for the country's vital. Developments Melnikov were introduced during the Great Patriotic War on the trunk line Moscow - Irkutsk, linking the center of the state in remote areas of the Far East, as well as Butovo reception center near Moscow.

. Works of Victor Semenovich received recognition
. In 1945, he is granted the honorary title "Master of Communications, in 1950 he became a laureate of the Stalin Prize, and in 1951 and 1954, it awarded medals" For Labor "and" For Labor Valor ".

. For nearly twenty years, since 1939, Melnikov maintains close links with the Department of the Moscow Institute of radio receivers and Communications, headed by renowned specialist in radio receivers engineering professor H
. I. Chistyakov. Since 1956, B. C. Melnikov - Associate Professor of this department.

. In 1949, the Ministry of Communications to develop radio communication problems organizing a new institute dedicated SRI-100, which becomes one of the leading institutions in the country in the field of radio and broadcasting
. This institution since 1964, called the Scientific Research Institute of Radio (Radio Research Institute). In the SRI-100 in 1949, transferred all the scientific laboratories ZNIIS dealing with radio communication, including the laboratory in. S. Melnikov.

In 50-ies Melnikov is already one of the most competent of Soviet specialists in the field of radio. He leads a group of radio in the Technical Council, Ministry of Communications and in 1953 headed the development of the plan for development in radio and broadcasting in the USSR, Ministry of Communications which was guided up to the 60-ies. Over the years, B. C. Melnikov was a member of the editorial board of the popular Soviet magazine "Radio".

. In the mid 50-ies research indicate the possibility of new mechanisms for propagation of radio waves by scattering from inhomogeneities of the electron density of the ionosphere, . caused by including traces of meteors, . entering the Earth's atmosphere from outer space,
. The advantage of radio communication systems, . using these mechanisms for propagation, . compared with the short bond, . was the most reliable lines of communication, . that was especially important for areas of the North, . in which the magnetic storm during high solar activity often led to lengthy interruptions of short communications.,

. In 1961 at the initiative of B
. C. Melnikov in the Radio Research Institute organized a laboratory for the creation of new radio systems for ultra-short waves (USW), using the mechanisms of the ionospheric and meteor scattering of radio waves. He heads the new development as chief designer. Were completed after the sudden death of B. C. Melnikova, which followed June 11, 1965.

Subsequently, from the laboratory of Viktor Semenovich divided into two groups that led the major domestic specialists H. N. Shumskaya and A. A. Magazannik. In the early 70-ies they had completed work on the development of the equipment lines of the ionospheric and meteor scattering. Line ionospheric scattering was built in the city of Murmansk, and the line connecting the cities of meteor scattering Krasnoyarsk and Norilsk. However, due to the rapid development of microwave transmission, including through the mechanism of tropospheric scatter, and satellite systems of this type of communication to spread the Soviet Union had not received.

B. C. Melnikov was not only a great engineer - developer of radio communication equipment, but also to academics in the field of noise immunity of digital transmission systems (or, as they said, telegraph) signals.

. Viktor S. Melnikov was one of the brightest creators
. All his short life was aimed at improving the backbone of digital communication systems and knowledge of the basic laws of receiving signals in a multipath propagation. This was a man's life, at the very beginning of his career to realize their calling and do everything in his power to present it over talent revealed in full.