Warburg, Otto Heinrich( German biochemist and physiologist, awarded in 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine)
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Biography Warburg, Otto Heinrich
Warburg, Otto Heinrich (Warburg, Otto Heinrich) (1883-1970), German biochemist and physiologist, awarded in 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the nature and mechanism of action of respiratory enzymes. Born October 8, 1883 in Freiburg. In 1906, the University of Berlin received his Ph.D. in chemistry, and in 1911 the University of Heidelberg - the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Before 1913 he worked in the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, since 1915 - professor of physiology at the University of Berlin. In 1931 headed the Institute for Cell Physiology in Berlin.
Research Warburg devoted to processes of cellular respiration, enzymes, redox reactions in living cells. Already in 1912, Warburg suggested the existence of respiratory enzymes that activate oxygen. Showed that the cells utilize oxygen with iron-containing proteins - hemoprotein and in 1924 reported the discovery of cytochrome c oxidase - an enzyme that plays a key role in this process. In 1932, together with William Christian was first given a new respiratory enzyme yellow, called flavins. It turned out that this is representative of a large group of flavoprotein - oxidative enzymes, which form together with tsitohrohromami respiratory chain. Three years later, was allocated one more important connection - nicotinamide, which is part of enzymes that participate in the transfer of hydrogen (hydrogenases).
Among other works Warburg - Identification of the enzymes, the study of fermentation, glycolysis in tumor tissue, photosynthesis. They developed an apparatus for studying the processes of tissue respiration, fermentation, enzymatic reactions (Warburg apparatus). Warburg died in (West) Berlin, August 1, 1970.
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