By Edgar Allan Poe

Perhaps E. By drew on the medieval Christian tradition, in which Raven was the personification of the forces of hell and the devil, in contrast to the Dove, which symbolizes heaven, the Holy Spirit, the Christian faith. The roots of this perception go back in pre-Christian mythological ideas about Raven as a bird that brings misfortune.

This poem is so rhythmically varied, that is where the translators show their ability. 'Crow' translated into Russian, many poets. Some translations are musically similar to the original, but loses something in the content, while others are valid content, but does not reflect the musical identity.

. Here is a translation of Dmitry Merezhkovsky, which is rarely published
. In general, this poem is translated and Bryusov, and Konstantin Balmont, and Vasily Fyodorov and Mikhail Zenkevich C. Andrew, L. Palmin IN. Jabotinsky, in. Betacam, M. Don ...

. CROW

. Immersed in grief dumb and tired, in the dead of night,

. Once, when I drooped in dozing over a book

. From the forgotten world of knowledge, a book full of charm, --

. A knock came, an unexpected knock on the door of my house:

. 'This stranger knocked at the door of my house,

. Only the traveler - nothing more '.

. In December - I remember - it was midnight dreary.

. In the hearth among the ashes embers glowed sometimes.

. Piles of books are not quenched for a moment my sorrow --

. On the lost Lenore, the one whose name is forever --

. In the assembly of angels, Lenore, the one whose name is forever

. In this world disappears - without a trace.

. The breath of the night stormy purple silk curtains

. Rustled, and a strange fear born from everything.

. I thought, my heart at ease, still holding times:

. 'This is a guest knocks timidly on the door of my house,

. Belated visitor knocking at the door of my house,

. Only the guest and nothing more! "

. And when broke the heart of fear, I boldly uttered:

. 'Forgive me, I did not want to offend anyone;

. I went to sleep uneasily at the moment: too softly, gently, --

. Too quiet, you were knocking on the door of my house ... '

. And then I opened wide the doors of my house --

. The darkness of night - and nothing more.

. All that my spirit was troubled, and all that dreaming and confused,

. So far have not visited in this world no one.

. And no voice, no sign - from the mysterious darkness ...

. Suddenly, "Lenore!" sounded near my home ...

. I whispered to himself that name, and awoke him

. Only the echo - nothing more.

. But my soul is burning, I closed the door timidly.

. A knock came again, louder, and I thought: 'Nothing,

. This is a knock at the window, casual, no no secrets here:

. Look, and will give thrill my heart,

. Reassure a moment trembling of my heart.

. This wind - nothing more '.

. I opened the window, and the strange guest midnight, an unexpected visitor,

. Raven regal flies, and I greeting from him

. Do not wait
. But bravely - as the owner, proudly, it is important

. He flew straight to the door, the door of my house,

. And fluttered up to the bust of Pallas, sat so quietly at him,

. Quiet villages - and nothing more.

. How sad, no matter how painful - I smiled involuntarily

. And he said: 'Your cunning will win, we have no labor

. But you, my guest sinister, ancient Raven, Raven prophetic,

. For us with the limits of eternal night come here,

. What is the name of the country, where flies are you here? "

. And Raven said: 'Never'.

. Says so clearly a bird, I can not admire.

. But it seemed that hope was alien to her forever.

. He did not wait for his consolation, in whose house the bust of Pallas

. He would sit over the doors of The Raven, from misfortune nowhere --

. Anyone who saw the crow - not saved anywhere,

. Crow, whose name is: 'Never'.

. He spoke this word is so sad, so severely,

. What seemed to be in it all my soul poured out, and that's when

. Motionless statuesque he sat in mute silence,

. I whispered: 'What happiness, friendship flew away forever

. And this bird will fly tomorrow morning for all '.

. And Raven said: 'Never'.

. And I said, shuddering again: 'It is true utter the word

. He taught his master in the difficult days, when

. He was persecuted by fate, and in adversity lonely,

. Rather's swan song, in these long years

. For it was the groan of one of these sad years --

. Never - it's more than ever.! "

. So I thought, and could not help smiling, no matter how painful.

. He turned the chair slowly to bust pale, there

. Where was the Raven, plunged into the velvet chair and dozed off ...

. 'The Last Raven, my horrible guest - I thought then --

. A terrible, ancient Raven, grief announcing always,

. What is the meaning of your cry: 'Never'?

. Correct trying in vain; Raven looks unrequited.

. His eyes burning in my heart forever planted it.

. And in pondering over the mystery, I hung in sweet slumber

. Head on the velvet, a lamp lit
. Never

. On the purple velvet chairs, as in the happy years,

. It really does not bow down - never!

. And it seemed to me: jet smoke unseen censer

. Flew Seraphim, whispering sometimes

. Their actions, as a breath: 'It is God who sends me to oblivion!

. Pei is a sweet oblivion, drink, so in my heart forever

. On the lost Lenore erased memory - forever! .. '

. Raven said to me: 'Never'.

. 'I pray, prophet ominous bird you il demon prophetic,

. Do you evil spirit of the night, or whirlwind poised here

. From the desert dead, the eternal, hopeless, endless, --

. Will, I pray, tell me, will you at least wherever

. Snizoydem us after death - the heart of vacation forever? "

. And Raven said: 'Never'.

. 'I pray, prophet ominous bird you il demon prophetic,

. I beseech heaven, God, answer me, that day when

. Eden I see a distant, hug eh sad soul

. Soul light Lenore, the one whose name is forever

. In the assembly of angels, Lenore, radiant forever? "

. And Raven said: 'Never'.

. 'Get out! - I exclaimed, getting up, you're a demon-il bird evil.

. Away! - Go back to the limits of the night to never

. None of the feathers black, not reminded of the shameful,

. Your false words! Leave is a bust of Pallas forever

. From my soul, I will pluck your image forever! "

. And Raven said: 'Never'.

. And sitting, sitting since he was there, over the door, black raven

. With the bust of Pallas pale not disappear anywhere.

. He has such eyes, like an evil spirit of the night

. Sleep enveloped, and the lamp casts a shadow
. Forever

. This shade of black bird nailed forever --

. Do not rise up my spirit - never!

. In the translation is difficult for us to catch the "undercurrent of meaning ', but in the original, wrote Baudelaire, the poet' beyond any philosophical systems understands first of all internal and hidden relationships between things, consistency and analogy '.

. Poe entered the American literature as a poet, novelist and critic
. Much attention he paid to the theory of art: aesthetics, he developed a 'short form' in poetry and prose. He was one of those who laid the foundations of modern science fiction and detective.

. He also admired the human mind and despaired of his impotence, admired the sublime beauty of the world and stretched to pathological states of mind
. In his work he sought to mathematically precise 'design' works and emotional impact on the reader. Desires and aspirations of its torn. Edgar Allan Poe lived as if the gap. Maybe here and half-mad state of mind in his later years, the drunkenness, the constant wandering, wavering, crossings.

Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston on Jan. 19, 1809. Father left the family almost immediately, and his mother died when he was not even three years. He grew up in a wealthy merchant family of Allan, who moved to England, where Edgar was learning in the London-based private pension. In 1820-ies he was in college in America.

In college, Edgar's mother fell in love with his friend. From his side it was a very passionate love, but it ended tragically - the mother of his friend Mrs. Stenard in 1824 died.

. After college joined the University of Virginia, where he studied for one year, as his benefactor and educator John Allan refused to pay Edgar's gambling debts.

. Quarrel
. Edgar Allan left the house. First, the poet left his native Boston, where under the pseudonym 'Bostonets' published his first book of poems. All during his life, he has published four collections of poetry and two collections of short stories. The best known of his books are published in the 1845 book 'The Raven' and other poems'.

The publication of the first book consumed all savings Edgar. Lack of money forced him to become a soldier. Then he tried to get the military academy, a theater, rewrote the paper's offices in Boston and Richmond ...

Lyrics did not bring him success. But as his first novel 'The Manuscript Found in a Bottle', sent to the contest in one of the magazines, took first place.

. Poverty drove Edgar Allan Poe, he now worked in various periodicals on wear.

. In 1835 the poet married with a fourteen Virginia, the daughter of his aunt Mary Klemm
. Contents of the family has further complicated the life of the poet. Yet all the time he wrote the new verses, remarkable novel, 'The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym'. Pay then five or six dollars for a story, a poem is much smaller, so that the need was constant.

In 1838, E. As he moved to Philadelphia, where he became editor of the journal. Life began to build. For six years he worked in Philadelphia. During this time, published his prose, in two volumes - 'Grotesque and Arabesque', published a set of literary-critical articles. In 1844, the writer settled in New York. The extraordinary success brought him the publication of the poem 'The Raven' in 1845. Edgar was invited to the more prestigious journal. But the light period did not last long - four months after publication bankrupt. And soon died Virginia.

E. By addicted to opium, began to drink, he has something happened with reason ... Yet his last years he worked. He wrote, lectured, in Richmond bars recited passages from his philosophical work 'Eureka'.

. October 3, 1849 by was found unconscious on the road in Baltimore, four days later he died.

. That this life was the great romance, which, as many believe, a very big influence on world literature XIX and XX centuries, especially in the Symbolists, as Alexander Blok wrote.

. Edgar Allan Poe believed that the creation of a masterpiece and initiation of Beauty for the artist sometimes more important than the artistic result, and even life itself
. This, for instance, says his short story "The Oval Portrait ', which in the first version was called' death in life '.

'She was a virgin rare beauty, her cheerfulness and equaled its charm. And the rock was marked by an evil hour, when she saw the painting and fell in love with him and became his wife. He, . possessed, . stubborn, . severe, . was already engaged - from painting, she, . Maid of rare beauty, . whose cheerfulness was equal to its charm, . all - light, . all - smile, . playful, . a young deer, . hated one only Painting, . her rival, only fearful palette, . brushes and other power tools, . deprives her contemplation of his beloved,
. And she experienced the horror of hearing, as the painter expressed a desire to paint a portrait of his young wife. But she was gentle and obediently, and many weeks sitting in a high tower, where only the top oozed light on the pale canvas. But he, the painter, his work was intoxicated, that lasted for hour after hour, day after day. And he possessed, unrestrained, grim, gave himself up to his dreams and he could not see that from the eerie light in the lonely tower melted mental strength and health of his young wife, she was wasting away, and it did not miss much, except it. But she was smiling and smiling and not complaining, because it saw that the painter (famous everywhere), drew a poignant delight in his labor, and worked day and night in order to capture that which is so fond of him, and yet each day was made depressed and weaker. And indeed, some who have seen the portrait, whispering about the similarities, as a great miracle, the gift certificate and the painter and his deep love for the one, whom he portrayed with such consummate skill. But finally, when the work is nearing completion, the tower no longer allowed outside, for work in the heat of the painter fell into a trance and rarely averted gaze from the canvas, even to glance at his wife. And he did not want to see that the shades, applied to the canvas, took from the cheeks sitting next to him. And, when many weeks had passed and could only put one stroke at the mouth and one semitone to the pupil, the spirit of the beautiful flared up again, like a flame in the lamp. And then the brush touched the canvas and the undertone was laid, and at one moment, only the painter stopped, . bewitched its creation, but in the next, . still not looking up from the canvas, . He shuddered, . terribly pale and, . exclaiming with a loud voice: 'Yes it is truly life itself! ", . suddenly turned to his beloved: - She was dead! ",

. 'Language, ideas, artistic manner - all noted in Edgar Poe yarkoyu seal novelty ..
. Aptly determined that the origin of poetry lies in the thirst for more insane beauty than that which we can provide the land, Poe sought to satisfy this thirst for creating unearthly images' - so we wrote to Konstantin Balmont, many transfers within.