Efros, Anatoly

Efros, Anatoly V. was born July 3, 1925 in Kharkov, in the family of employees aircraft plant. During the war in the evacuation, he worked as a fitter at the aircraft plant in Perm. After the war he graduated from the directing department GITIS (1950, workshop N. V. Petrova M. O. Knebel). In 1951-1953 he worked in the Ryazan Drama Theater, in the years 1954-1963 in the Central Children's Theater.

He then worked as a director in other Moscow theaters. Put a few films, several television and radio plays, written several books, thinking about themselves and their profession.

. Rapidly grown up children

. Soviet people until the time of Khrushchev's 'thaw' remained the eternal child of stern 'father of all nations'
. When in the mid 50-ies of the last century have given people a breath of freedom, the country began to grow rapidly. There were dramatic changes, including in the domestic arts. One of the first of these changes in the theater began to Efros. Hick MDGs, . Though located in the heart of Moscow, . literally in front of the amazed public began to turn into the most exciting capital theater, . where one after another out of Production, . acutely modern in form, . and content: 'Good luck', . 'My friend, . Kolka ', . 'In search of happiness' ..,
. And although the play Pink and Khmelik talked about choosing adolescent way of life and life values, . it touched a chord with viewers of all generations, . for, . as mentioned, . whole country is rapidly growing up, . and life choices and values in life affects all without exception.,

. Besides, . If the Russian theater of the previous era nagrimirovannye actors in the naturalistic scenery unnatural voice uttered obscure public texts ( 'just like in the theater'), . then in the productions of artists Efros, . almost, . not razmalevyvali themselves, . decorations were minimal, . not to distract the audience from the plot and characters, . but said the artists on stage in a normal voice with normal intonation,
. And then, and subsequently Efros not particularly cared - about what they are talking heroes plays. It showed - that is between them, what the true motives (not words) is driven by the characters. Hence arose the extraordinary psychological depth efrosovskih productions.

Policy will come to you herself

Looking at the revived children's theater, the chiefs decided to charge the art of Efros and revive the theater for young. In the early 60's Efros led Lenin Komsomol Theater (now Lencom). Here he staged several performances, . immediately made him one of the best directors of the country: 'On the wedding day' Rozov, . '104 Pages about love 'and' film was being shot 'Radzinsky, . first seriously took up the classics: 'The Seagull' Chekhov and 'Moliere' Bulgakov ..,
. Times have changed in the meantime - to replace the 'thaw' going first 'frozen'.

Censorship is trying to mete out strict boundaries of what is permitted, although Taganka Theater and 'Contemporary' waged a stubborn struggle for greater censorship permission. Quite different situation was with the Efros - in every way he avoided the political game, considering policies unworthy Theater. As rightly observed in those years, one theater critic: "Someone glorifies the Bolsheviks, someone criticizes. A Efros Bolsheviks simply does not notice '.

But the communist ideologues nobody keeps out of politics. Political apathy too, was a crime. And Efros was accused of not only apolitical, but also a ridiculous accusation of 'distortion of the classics'. Such a person is, of course, it was impossible to keep the head of the ideological institutions, which is considered Theater. And Efros exiled from the principal directors in the Little Theater on the Reservation - the so-called 'regular directors'.

Classic for Classic

From the Lenin Komsomol Theater (it used to be and of the MDGs), together with Efros left his actors, like-minded. But when the first performance Efros in the new theater - the 'Three Sisters' by Chekhov - was banned and 'propesochen' ... in communist newspapers, it became clear that the director was in great disfavor. And after it was banned by another show at the Little Armor - 'deceiver Kolobashkin' on the play by Radzinsky, a few artists efrosovskih quivered and went from the disgraced wizard.

At the same time Efros and received his first heart attack. In order not to tease the beast, . Efros tried in his productions to avoid pressing contemporary issues and allusions - he turned to theatrical classics: 'Romeo and Juliet', . 'Othello' Shakespeare, . 'Don Giovanni' Moliere, . 'Month in the Country' by Turgenev, . 'Marriage' Gogol ...,

. Authorities suspect the nozzles, but open attacks on the Efros stopped
. Set it occasionally and contemporary plays: 'Happy Days unhappy man' Arbuzov, 'Man from' Dvoretzky, 'Echelon' Roschina ... Each statement Efros became for a theater audience a sensation, too enthusiastic, gave rise to emulate their colleagues. And, finally, Efros was no noise and the pump is widely recognized classic of directors.

Even in times of disgraced Efros of professional solidarity was invited to the performances Oleg Efremov, the MAT and Yury Lyubimov at Taganka Theater. A bit later, carrying on television staging Bulgakov's 'Moliere', Efros invite the lead role of Yuri Lyubimov - the history of the great French theater, hunted by King and his flunky, was close and clear, and Efros and Lyubimov.

. Then no one and could not have imagined that the relations of two great directors of the creative collaboration will move in an uncompromising hostility, which would indirectly cause the death of one of them.

. Taganskaya destruction

. In the early 80-ies Yuri Lyubimov refused to return from abroad in the Soviet Union, was declared a traitor and stripped of his Soviet citizenship
. Taganka Theater was left without a recognized leader, it was necessary to reassure the progressive community. Efros asked to lead the Taganka. Thus, it seemed to be calmed spoiled and rebellious company of the theater, as well as demonstrated liberalism power in relation to the recently disgraced Efros. As always, remote from politics, Efros proposal received.

But rebelled abroad Yuri Lyubimov - he accused Efros in shreykbreherstve, in oblivion of corporate solidarity, which he himself, he says, used in hard times. Several well-known actors Taganka demonstratively left the troupe, when there came Efros.

. After moving to Taganka, Efros basically had brought practically anyone from the former actor-minded, so as not to cause a Taganskaya troupe unnecessary fears and gossip
. And it so happened that the old fellow, he left, and the new has not acquired.
However, it willingly collaborated with leading artists Taganka - Valery Zolotukhin, Benjamin Smekhov, Alla Demidova. But the aesthetics of the two great directors, . Efros (subtle psychological) and Lyubimov (harping on conventionality, . marketplace, . out-of Vakhtangov school), . was so different, . that the collective Taganka could not accept the alien to his style and methods of production,
. Many of the world Taganka Efros bullied and teased. I have even more than they wanted.

Misunderstood outstanding producer group led to the tragic limits. January 13, 1987 Anatoly Vasilyevich overtook another heart attack, whom he had not survived.

He was buried in Moscow Kuntsevo Cemetery (10 uch.). Beside him is buried his wife, the famous theater critic Natalia Krymov. In the spouses left a son - Dmitry Krymov (theatrical artist and director).

The list of theatrical productions

1951

- 'Prague is still my' S. A. Buryakovskaya. Artist A. Shatrin. Theater of the Central House of culture of railwaymen (Moscow).
- 'Come to Zvonkova' A. E. Korneychuck. Moscow Regional Drama Theater. A. N. Ostrovsky.

1952

- 'Love Yarovaya' K. A. Trenev. Artist C. Isaev. Ryazan Regional Drama Theater.
- 'Love at dawn,' I. A. Galana. Artist C. Isaev. Ryazan oblast theater of drama.
- 'Dog in the Manger' Lope de Vega. Artist C. Isaev. Ryazan oblast theater of drama.
- 'Hot Heart' A. N. Ostrovsky. Artist C. Isaev. Ryazan oblast theater of drama.

1953

- 'A beautiful maiden' A. D. Simukova. Artist In. Kuzmin. Ryazan Regional Drama Theater.
- 'The stones in the liver' A. E. Makayonok. Artist B. G. Knoblok. Ryazan oblast theater of drama.
- 'When broken spear' H. F. Pogodin. Artist In. Kuzmin. Ryazan oblast theater of drama.
- 'Stepmother' O. de Balzac. Artist C. Isaev. Ryazan oblast theater of drama.

1954

- 'Someone Else's role' N. V. Mikhalkov. Artist Vyach. Ivanov. Central Children's Theater.
- 'Good luck! " In. Rozov, artist Viacheslav. Ivanov. Central Children's Theater.

1955

- 'The three of us went to the virgin lands' H. F. Pogodin (together with M. O. Knebel). Designer SE. I. Pimenov. Central Children's Theater.

1956

- 'The Tale of the tales' A. G. Zach and I. K. Kuznetsova. Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Central Children's Theater.

1957

- 'Hedda Gabler' G. Ibsen. Artist Vyach. Ivanov. Studio Theater actor.
- 'Boris Godunov' A. S. Pushkin. Artist Vyach. Ivanov. Central Children's Theater.
- 'In search of happiness' in. S. Rozov. Artist M. Kurilko, Central Children's Theater.

1958

- 'No' E. De Filippo. Artist F. Zbarsky. 'Contemporary'.

1959

- 'Floor masters' W. Dan's. Artist Vyach. Ivanov. Central Children's Theater.
- 'My Friend, Kolka! " A. G. Khmelik. Artist B. G. Knoblok. Central Children's Theater.
- 'Dreams Simone Machar' L. Feuchtwanger, B. Brecht. Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Theater. M. N. Yermolova.

1960

- 'The former boys' H. A. Ivanter. Artists in. Lalevich, N. Sosunov. Central Children's Theater.
- 'The unequal battle' in. S. Rozov. Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Central Children's Theater.
- 'Away and houses' A. M. Volodin. Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Theater. M. N. Yermolova.

1962

- 'Before supper' In. Rozov. Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Central Children's Theater.
- 'Tsvetikov-Semicvetik' In. P. Kataev. Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Central Children's Theater.

1963

- 'Marriage' H. V. Gogol. Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Central Children's Theater.

1964

- 'They and we' H. G. Dolinina. Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Central Children's Theater.
- 'On the wedding day' in. S. Rozov. Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Moscow Theater. Lenin Komsomol.
- '104 Page about love 'E. S. Radzinsky. Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Moscow Theater. Lenin Komsomol.

1965

- 'My Poor Marat' A. N. Arbuzov. Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Moscow Theater. Lenin Komsomol.
- 'Film was being shot' E. Radzinsky. Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Moscow Theater. Lenin Komsomol.

1966

- 'Seagull' A. P. Chekhov. Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Moscow Theater. Lenin Komsomol.
- 'The Trial Chronicle' I. Volchek (together with A. M. Adoskin). Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Moscow Theater. Lenin Komsomol.
- 'To each his own' N. I. Aleshin (with L. K. Durov). Artists in. Lalevich, H. Sosunov. Moscow Theater. Lenin Komsomol.
- 'Moliere' M. A. Bulgakov. Artists in. Durgin, A. Chernoff. Moscow theater by Lenin Komsomol.

1967

- 'Three Sisters' A. P. Chekhov. Artists in. Durgin, A. Chernoff. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.

1968

- 'Deceiver Kolobashkin' E. Radzinsky. Artists in. Durgin, A. Chernoff. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'Plato Gyrfalcon' A. E. Korneychuck. Artists in. Durgin, A. Chernova, Malaya Bronnaya Theater.

1969

- 'Happy Days unhappy man' A. Arbuzov. Artist In. Petrov. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'Then - silence' in. Delmar. Artist B. A. Messerer. Theater. Moscow City Council.

1970

- 'Romeo and Juliet' Y. Shakespeare. Artists in. Durgin, A. Chernoff. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'Tales of Old Arbat' A. Arbuzov. Artist D. Borovsky. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'Boris Godunov' A. S. Pushkin. CCTV.

1971

- 'Man from' And. M. Dvoretzky. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'Marat, Lika and Leonidik' A. Arbuzov. CCTV.

1972

- 'Brother Alexei' in. Rozov based on a novel F. Dostoevsky's 'Brothers Karamazov'. Artist In. Paperny. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'Plato Gyrfalcon' A. Korneychuck. CCTV.

1973

- 'Situation' in. Rozov. Artist In. Paperny. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'Don Giovanni' J.-B. Moliere. Artist D. L. Borovsky. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'Just a few words in honor of Monsieur de Moliere'. CCTV.

1974

- 'Chalet' E. Radzinsky. Artists D. Borovsky, IN. Lalevich. Theater. Mossovet.
- 'Man from' And. Dvoretzky. CCTV.
- 'Tanya' A. Arbuzov. CCTV.
- 'Pages magazine Pechorin' on M. YU. Lermontov. CCTV.

1975

- 'Marriage' H. V. Gogol. Artist In. Leventhal. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'Shot and designated' I. I. Volchek (with L. Durov). Artist In. Serebrovskii. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'The train' M. M. Roshchina. Artist D. L. Borovsky. Chekhov Art Theater. M. Gorky.
- 'The Cherry Orchard' A. P. Chekhov. Artist In. Leventhal. Taganka Theater (Lopakhin - In. S. Vysotsky).

1976

- 'Othello' Y. Shakespeare. Artist D. Krymov. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'Fantasia' explanations and. S. Turgenev. CCTV.

1977

- 'Month in the Country' and. S. Turgenev. Artist D. Krymov. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.

1978

- 'Verandah in the forest' and. M. Dvoretzky. Artists D. and A. Bulanovs. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'Islands in the Ocean' by E. Hemingway. CCTV.

1979

- 'Continuation of Don Juan' E. Radzinsky. Artist In. Komolova. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'The Road' to 'Dead Souls' H. V. Gogol. Artist In. Leventhal. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.

1981

- 'Summer and Smoke' T. Williams. Artist D. A. Krymov. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.

1982

- 'Memoirs' A. Arbuzov. Artist D. Krymov. Malaya Bronnaya Theater. 'Tartuffe' J.-B. Moliere. Artist D. Krymov. Chekhov Art Theater. M. Gorky.
- 'The idea of Mr. Domme' F. Krommelinka. GITIS.
- 'Three Sisters' A. P. Chekhov. Artist In. YA. Leventhal. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'Living Corpse' N. N. Tolstoy. Artist D. Krymov. Chekhov Art Theater. M. Gorky.
- 'Romeo and Juliet' Y. Shakespeare. CCTV.

1983

- 'Napoleon the First' F. Bruckner. Artist D. Krymov. Malaya Bronnaya Theater.
- 'Storm' Y. Shakespeare. Museum of Fine Arts. A. S. Pushkin (December Nights).

1984

- 'Director of Theater' And. M. Dvoretzky. Artist D. Krymov. Malaya Bronnaya Theater. 'At the bottom of the' M. Gorky. Designer SE. Vasiliev. Taganka.

1985

- 'The War - not a woman's face' with. A. Alexievich. Artist D. Krymov. Taganka Theater.
- 'Beautiful Sunday Picnic' T. Williams. Artist D. Danilin. Taganka.
- 'The Cherry Orchard' A. P. Chekhov (renewal). Artist In. Leventhal. Taganka.

1986

- 'One and a half square meters' B. A. Mozhayeva (together with C. N. Artsybashev). Artist D. Krymov. Taganka Theater.
- 'Misanthrope' J.-B. Moliere. Artist D. Krymov. Taganka.

Filmography

1960 Noisy Day (in conjunction with Mr.. Nathanson)
. 1961 Leap Year
. 1962 Two in the steppe
. 1970 Boris Godunov (TV)
. 1972 Marat, Lika and Leonidik
. 1973 Just a few words in defense of Mr. de Moliere (TV)
. 1974 Pages magazine Pechorin (TV)
. 1974 Tanya (TV)
. 1976 Fantasy (TV)
. 1977 on Thursday and never
. 1978 Islands in the ocean
. 1978 Then - silence
. 1983 Month in the Country
. 1984 Tartuffe (televised spectacle MAT)

. List of works

. Rehearsal - my love
. Occupation: director
. Continuation theatrical novel
. Book Four