Nobel premiums to be awarded in Stockholm and Oslo
Traditionally premiums in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and economics are awarded in Stockholm at Concert hall by king of Sweden.
Nobel prize of peace is awarded by the chairman of Norwegian Nobel committee in Oslo in presence of Norwegian king and members of royal family.
Laureates of Nobel prize of 2005 were named in Stockholm and Oslo on October 3-12.
Committee of Caroline medical institute announced Nobel laureates in medicine and physiology on October 3. The award is shared by Australian scientists Barry Marshall and Robin Warren for discovery of "Helicobacter pylori bacteria influence on gastritis, stomach and duodenal ulcers development".
On October 4 Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences declared Nobel Prize laureates in physics. They are scientists, who carried out investigations in optics: American scientist Roy Glauber and John Hall, and also German researcher Theodore Hansh. Glauber will get half of Nobel Prize for "contribution in quantum theory of optical coherency". Hall and Hansh will share another half of Nobel prize for "contribution to laser high-frequency spectroscopy development and techniques of optical shift precise calculation in optical frequency standards".
On October 5 Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences named Nobel Prize laureates in chemistry. They are 2 scientists from USA - Robert Grabbs and Richard Shrok, and also French Eve Shoven for "development of metathesis method in organic synthesis".
On October 7 Norwegian Nobel committee announced Nobel Prize laureates of peace award. The award was given to MAGATE and its head Egyptian Mohammed el-Baradei "for efforts in prevention of nuclear energy use in military purposes and guarantees that nuclear energy will be used only in peace purposes and the safest way".
On October 10 by decision of Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences laureates of premium "in honor of Nobel" in economics became Israeli scientist Robert Omann and USA scientist Tomas Shelling "for contribution in understanding of cooperation and conflict phenomena through game theory analysis.
On October 13 Swedish Royal Academy in Stockholm announced that Nobel Prize-2005 laureate in literature became English dramatist Harold Pinter for "restitution of main elements to theatre: closed space and unpredictable dialogues, where people are left on mercy and there is no place for pretense".
Premium in every branch of science amounts to $1.2 millions.
Nobel, born in Sweden on October 21, 1833 and dead in Italy on December 10, 1896, patented 355 inventions for his life, including dynamite and detonators. By twist of fate, the founder of peace premium became one of the most famous figures in production of explosives.
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