Born in 1919. Father - Herman Alexander Danilovich, was a forester. Mother - Anna Bakirovna. Wife - Mayorov P. M. (1919g.rozhd.). Daughter - Marina Chernysheva Danilovna (1945g.rozhd.).
Parents worked in different forest areas Novgorodchiny and Pskov region. My father was older than my mother for twenty years. She had a good voice, all of Daniel's childhood passed under her singing.
There were snowy winters, shooting, fires, flooding - the first memories mingled with superstition mother with stories about those years. In their places are burning out civil war, rampant gangs, riots broke out. Childhood undivided: first, it was forest, and later - municipal. Both of these streams are not mixed, and flowed for a long time and have remained in my heart D. Granina separate. Childhood forestry - a bath with a snowbank, where danced the father flushed with the peasants, the winter forest roads, great homemade skis (and urban skiing - narrow, which went on until the Neva Bay). Best remembered mountains fragrant yellow sawdust near sawing machines, logs, log storage aisles, smolokurni, and sleigh, and wolves, comfort kerosene lamps, trolleys on the plank roads.
Mother - townswoman, fashionable women, young and cheerful - not sit in the village. So she took as a good move in the Leningrad. For the boy's dribbling down his childhood town - at school, his father's assaults with baskets of cranberries, with cakes, with the village butter. And all summer - he in the forest, lespromhoz. As the eldest child, his firstborn, each pulled by a. It was not a quarrel, and had a different understanding of happiness. Then all resolved drama - his father was exiled to Siberia, somewhere near Biisk, the family remained in Leningrad. Mother worked as a dressmaker. And the home run in the same. Have you seen the ladies - had to choose the style, try on. His mother loved him and did not like this job - because she loved what she could to show his taste, his artistic temperament, did not like the fact that they were living in poverty, the very dress she could not, her youth was spent on other people's clothes.
His father, after the reference was "disfranchised", he was forbidden to live in big cities. D.
Granik, like son "disfranchised" do not take the Komsomol. He studied at a school in Moss. There were still a few teachers who was here before the revolution Tenishev School - one of the best Russian high schools. In the study of physics students used the devices since the Siemens-Halske on thick ebonite panels with solid brass contacts. Each lesson was a representation. Taught professor Znamenskii, then his pupil - Ksenia. A long table had been teaching as a scene where the fairy was played with a beam of light, resolved prism, electrostatic machines, discharges, vacuum pumps.
We teachers of literature there were no vehicles, nothing but love for literature. She organized a literary circle, and most of the class began to write poetry. One of the best poets of the school became known geologist, the other - mathematics, the third - a specialist in Russian language. Therefore, no one was.
Despite the interest of Daniel's literature and history, the family council, it was recognized that the engineering profession more reliable.
Granik joined the faculty of Electrical Engineering Polytechnic Institute, graduating in 1940. Power, automation, construction of hydropower plants were then professions, filled with romance, as later atomic and nuclear physics. Many teachers and professors have participated in creating the plan GOELRO. About them were legends. They were pioneers of domestic electronics, were willful, eccentric, each allowed himself to be a person to have their own language, to communicate their views, they argued with each other, argued with the accepted theory, the five-year plan.
Students went to the practice of the Caucasus, the Dnieper, worked on the installation, repair, kept watch on the remote. The fifth year, in the midst of the thesis,
Granik began to write a historical novel about Jaroslaw Dabrowa. Nothing to write about what he knew what was doing, but about what you do not know and did not see. There was the Polish uprising of 1863, and the Paris Commune. Instead of technical books he had ordered in the Public Library of albums with views of Paris. On this hobby no one knew.
Granik ashamed of writing, the writing seemed ugly, pathetic. But he could not stay.
After graduation, Daniel
Granik sent to the Kirov Plant, where he began designing a device for finding the fault location in cables.
With the Kirov factory went into people's militia, the war. But let not immediately. Had to seek, solicit, removed to book. The war was for
Granik, without releasing a single day. In 1942, at the front, he joined the party. He fought on the Leningrad front, then to the Baltic, was an infantryman, tanker, and finished the war heavy tank company commander in East Prussia. In the days of the war
Granik met the love. As soon as the time to register, so declared the alarm, and they sat, already a husband and wife, a few hours in the bomb shelter. Thus began a family life. This was interrupted for a long time before the end of the war.
Whole winter of the siege spent in the trenches under Pushkino. Then he was sent to the tank school and there is already an officer in the tanks to the front. There was concussion, was the environment, a tank attack, was a retreat - all the sadness of war, all its joys and its dirt, all nahlebalsya.
Inherited postwar life Granin considered a gift. He was lucky: the first of his comrades in the Writers' Union became a poet-veterans Anatoly Chivilikhin, Sergey Orlov, Mikhail Dudin. They took the young writer in his loud, cheerful Commonwealth. And besides, was Dmitri Island, an interesting writer, with whom
Granik met at the front in August 1941, when on the road from the headquarters of the regiment together they spent the night in the hayloft, and woke up and found that the terms of the Germans ...
It Dmitry Island
Granik and brought in 1948, his first complete story of Yaroslav Dabrowa. The island seems to be novel and not read it, but nonetheless convincingly to a friend that if you really want to write, then write about the need to engineer their work, about what you know than live. Now Granin suggests that young, apparently forgetting what he himself then dull seemed like moralizing.
The first post-war years were excellent. Then
Granik is not thought to be a professional writer, literature was his only pleasure, relaxation, joy. Also it was the work - in Lenenergo, the cable network, where it was necessary to restore the destroyed in the siege energy economies of the city: to repair cables, lay new, tidy substation, transformer industry. Now and then an accident occurs, not enough capacity. Up from the bed at night - an accident! We had somewhere flip the light to produce energy extinguished hospitals, running water, schools. Switch, repair ... In those years - 1945-1948 - Cable, energy, feel the most relevant and influential people in the city. As the energy economies recovered, to establish, at Granina melted interest in the operational work. Normal, trouble-free regime, which sought a source of satisfaction and boredom. At this time in the cable network began experiments on the so-called closed networks - to check the calculations of new types of electricity. Daniel
Granik participated in the experiment, and its long-standing interest in electrical engineering alive.
At the end of 1948 Granin suddenly wrote a story about the graduate. It was called the "Second Option".
Daniil brought it to the magazine "Star", where he met Yuri P. Herman, who was in charge of the magazine prose. His friendliness, simplicity and ease of fascinating relationships to literature is extremely helped the young writer. Easy S. P. Herman was a special feature, rare in the national literary life. Was it the fact that literature was understood them as a matter of cheerful, happy with the purest, even sacred respect for him.
Granik lucky. Then he had no one he had never seen such a festive and mischievous attitude, such a pleasure, the pleasure of the literary work. The story was printed in 1949, almost without amendments. He was last seen criticism, praised, and the author has decided that from now on and go - that he would write, it will soon publish, praise, praise, etc..
Fortunately, the next story - "The controversy over the ocean", published in the same "star" has been severely criticized. Not for artistic imperfection that would be true, but for "the worship of the West," which it just has not been. Injustice is surprised, angered
Granik, but did not discourage. It should be noted that the engineering work to create beautiful sense of independence. In addition, it maintains close strictness senior writers - Faith Kazimirovna Ketlinskaya, Mikhail Leonidovich Slonimsky, Leonid Rakhmanov. In Leningrad, in those years still remained a remarkable literary environment - were alive Eugene L. Schwartz, . Boris Eichenbaum, . Olga Feodorovna Bergholz, . Anna Akhmatova, . Vera Panova Feodorovna, . Sergei Tsymbal, . Alexander Ilyich Gitovich, . - The diversity of talents and personalities, . is so necessary in youth,
. But, perhaps more than anything helped Granin sympathetic interest in everything that he did, Thai GRIGORIEVNA Lishin, her deep voice and the absolute ruthlessness taste ... She worked in the Bureau of Propaganda Writers Union. Many writers owe. In her room constantly read new poems, discussed stories, books, magazines ...
Soon Daniel
Granik began graduate of Polytechnic Institute and simultaneously began the novel "Thing". By that time it came out-maligned book "Jaroslav Dombrowski". Parallel Granin studied electrical engineering and. He published several articles, and passed to the problems of the electric arc. However, these mysterious, interesting activities require time and full immersion. In his youth, when power is plentiful, but even more time, it seemed possible to combine science and literature. I wanted them to combine. Each of them drew to itself all the more vigorous and jealousy. Each was beautiful. The day came when Granin found in the soul of a dangerous rift. It's time to choose. Either - or. Released novel "The Thing", it was a success. There were money, could no longer cling to his post-graduate scholarship. But
Granik pulled a long time, waiting for something, lecturing, working half-time, does not want to break away from science. Afraid, did not believe in yourself ... In the end it happened. Do not care in the literature, and withdrawal from the Institute. Subsequently, the writer sometimes regretted that I did it too late, too late began to write seriously, professionally, but it happened, regretted that he left science.
Granik is only now beginning to comprehend the meaning of the words of Alexander Benois: "The greatest luxury that just can not afford people - always do as he wants".
Granik wrote of engineers, scientists, academics, the research work - all this was his theme, his surroundings, his friends. He did not have to learn the material, go to the creative business. He loved these people - their heroes, although their lives were uneventful. View of its internal stress was not easy. Even more difficult to introduce the reader to their work, that he understood the essence of their passions and not to apply to the novel schemes and formulas.
A decisive milestone was to Granina XX Party Congress. It made us see differently and war itself, and the past. A different - it meant to see the mistakes of the war, to assess the courage of the people, soldiers, myself ...
In 60-ies Granin thought that the successes of science, especially physics, will transform the world, the fate of mankind. Physicists seemed to him the main characters of the time. The 70-m during this period was over, and as a sign of farewell author wrote the novel "namesake", where once tried to comprehend his new attitude to his former hobby. This is not a disappointment. This freedom from excessive expectations.
He survived
Granik and other hobby - traveling. Together with K. G. Paustovsky, L. N. Rakhmanov, Rasul Gamzatov, Sergey Orlov, they went in 1956 to cruise around Europe on the ship "Russia". For each of them it was the first travel abroad. But not a single country, but once in six - it was the opening of Europe. Since then,
Granik was a lot of travel, traveled far away, across oceans - to Australia, Cuba, Japan, USA. For him it was the thirst to see, understand, compare. He happened to descend on a barge on the Mississippi, . roam the Australian bush, . live in a country doctor in Louisiana, . sit in British pubs, . live on the island of Curaцїao, . visit the many museums, . galleries, . temples, . to be in different families - Spanish, . Swedish, . Italian,
. Some of what the writer managed to write in his travel notes.
Gradually, life has focused on the literary work. Novels, stories, scripts, reviews, essays. The writer was trying to master the different genres of fiction until.
Say that the biography of the writer - his book. Among the written D. A. Granin - novels: "Book of the Siege (co-authored with A. Adamovich), "Bison", "This strange life". The writer has to say about the Leningrad blockade what nobody say, to tell about the two great Russian scientists whose fate remained silent about. Among the other works - the novels "The Seeker," "I'm going to storm," "After the Wedding," "Picture", "Flight to Russia", "namesake" and journalistic works, scripts, travel notes.
D. A.
Granik - Hero of Socialist Labor, . State Prize laureate, . Cavalier two Orders of Lenin, . Orders of the Red Banner, . Red Banner of Labor, . Red Star, . two Orders of World War II degree, . Order of Merit to the Fatherland "III degree,
. He - Laureate Heinrich Heine (Germany), a member of the German Academy of Arts, an honorary doctor of the St. Petersburg Humanitarian University, a member of the Academy of Informatics, a member of the Presidential Council, president of the Menshikov.
D.
Granik has created the country's first Relief Society and contributed to the development of this movement in the country. He was repeatedly elected to the board of the Union of Writers of Leningrad, then Russia, he was a deputy of the Leningrad City Council, a member of the Regional Committee, during the Gorbachev - a people's deputy. The writer personally convinced that political activity is not for him. It remains only disappointment.
He is fond of sports and traveling.
Lives and works in St. Petersburg.
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