Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich

(1849, Ryazan - 1936, Leningrad)
Genus. family priest. In 1864 he graduated from the Ryazan spiritual uch-School and enrolled in seminary. Under. influence of unread monographs IM. Sechenov, Reflexes of the Brain "was the dream of scientific activity and, abandoning the spiritual career, in 1870 entered the natural separation of Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg, Zap. In 1875, completed a brilliant course with an academic degree of Candidate of Natural Sciences. He continued his training at the Medical-Surgical Academy, received a doctor degree with honors. In 1879 he became the head of the physiological laboratory at the clinic S.P. Botkin. In 1883 he defended his doctoral dissertation and was sent abroad to improve knowledge. From 1890 he became a professor, successfully engaged in teaching and research activities in those created by the Institute of Experimental Medicine. In 1904 awarded the Nobel Prize for studies of mechanisms of digestion. In 1907 elected a member of the Academy of Sciences. Roar of the February. 1917 adopted with enthusiasm, believing "that the elective principle must be the basis of both the entire state system and individual institutions'. By the October Revolution reacted sharply negative, frondiruya in relation to the new authorities (put on the king's orders, to-rye never wore under the old regime, etc.). In 1920, addressed a letter to the ANC with a request to allow his family to emigrate, openly expressing their opposition to the communist experiment, from a-cerned only expect disaster for Russia. But the desire to do science in his country, inculcated from childhood, democratic views and personal use in. I. Lenin, has provided all possible conditions for research Pavlova, allowed him to abandon a flattering offer of the Swedish and the British Royal Society. G. Wells in 1934 noted that "the reputation Pavlova contributes prestige of the Soviet Union". Had continued to think freely, Pavlov nevertheless did not change their point of view on the new procedure, and expressed it in lectures to students, in letters to the heads of the country, speaking against dogmatism, violence, repression. Elected a member of numerous scientific societies, academies, un-Tov, Pavlov was recognized as the doyen of physiologists around the world (princeps physiologorum mundi). The teaching of Pavlov on conditioned reflexes, the study of higher nervous activity have received worldwide recognition and determine to a large extent modern physiology and a number of related industries in biology and medicine. At the end of Paul's life he set himself the diagnosis: the swelling of the cerebral cortex, which confirmed at autopsy.