Alekseev, Mikhail Vasilyevich

November 3, 1857 - September 25, 1918

Alekseev, Mikhail Vasilyevich (November 3, 1857, Tver Province - September 25, 1918, Yekaterinodar). Born in the family of a soldier enlisted service. He graduated from the Tver Gymnasium, then Moscow cadet school (1876). Participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877 - 78. In 1890 he graduated (on the 1 st level) Mykolaiyv Academy of General Staff, since 1898 Professor in the same. Participated in the Russian-Japanese. War 1904 - 05; Quartermaster-General of the 3rd Army in Manchuria. During the Revolution 1905 - 07 Monarchist. During the First World War from August 1914 Chief of Staff of the Southwestern Front (in September made a general of infantry), . from March 17, 1915 Chief of the armies of the North-Western Front, . from August 4 - Western Front, from August 18, Chief of Staff Supreme Headquarters.,

. During the February Revolution of 1917 is one of the commanders, convince Nicholas II to abdicate
. March 11 - May 22, Supreme. Extremely negative attitude to the participation of the army in political life. March 3 said AI. Guchkov that the Petrograd garrison was "useless to the army, is harmful to the state, is dangerous to Petrograd" (Ivanov NY, counter-revolution in Russia in 1917. and its defeat, Moscow, 1977,. 45). Initially hoped, . that the Interim Government will be able to strengthen discipline in the army and restore order in the country, . but on March 11 in a telegram to the Commander in Chief of the fronts have, . that it is not real, . and therefore, rely on government assistance in the fight against propaganda is impossible ",
. I suggested to become the Commander in Chief "on the path of compromise and, in particular, if anywhere formed soldiers' committees, in addition to the will of the authorities, must enter into their composition officers ... in order to take the course of events in their own hands, to lead them, rather than face infinitely with phenomena that have received life without prior arrangement "(" The revolutionary movement in Russia after the overthrow of the autocracy ". Collected papers, Moscow, 1957,. 627 - 28)

. As a result, the front was an extensive network of soldiers, officers of organizations, . were in the mass under the influence of command, . and March 30 Order of the Supreme enacted the "Provisional Regulations on the organization ranks of the army and navy", . which formulated the objectives of these organizations: "strengthening the combat power of the army and navy, . in order to bring the war to a victorious end, and so contribute to enhancing people freedom "(Miller, VI, . Soldiers' committees of the Russian army in 1917, . M., . 1974, . with,
. 111). But these measures could not stop the growth of discontent in the army. April 16 Guchkov Alexeev wrote: "The situation in the army every day worse, coming from all sides say the attention that the Army is the gradual disintegration" ( "The revolutionary movement in the Russian army in 1917". Collected papers, Moscow, 1968,. 61). At the meeting of the commanders in chief on May 1 in Mogilev, analyzing the events of 20 - 21 April, stated that "the bloodshed is inevitable in Petrograd (Zajaczkowski AM, Strategic essay war of 1914 - 18 years., H. 7, Moscow, 1923, with. 147).

One of the founders of the Union army and navy officers, who later played a decisive role in the preparation of the Kornilov affair. May 17 at the 1 st Congress of the Union in Mogilev called "utopian phrase" program "peace without annexations and indemnities", proclaimed by the Provisional Government. That statement prompted protests leaders of socialist parties that were part of the government. May 21 in a telegram to the Minister of War п?.пє. Kerensky demanded immediate restoration of the military courts in the troops, bring them a sentence "without any mitigating and seizures, the disbandment of regiments, who refuse to perform military orders of superiors. "The collapse of the inner reached the extreme, could go no farther" (ibid.,. III). The same day, was dismissed from his post as Supreme Commander and was appointed military advisor to the Provisional Government.

Speaking on August 15 at a session of the meeting in Moscow, said: "The Army is fully touched Policy. She became involved rallies, she touched the world and the desire to preserve their precious life. We can say that since that time the army turned into an all-Russia military rally, with the participation of representatives of the German. In these meetings had died or fell into a big healthy soul of the Russian soldier "(" Public meeting "with. 203). Supported the program of "recovery of the army, which was made at the Council of State, General L.G. Kornilov.

After the failure of the Kornilov revolt at the request of Kerensky from August 30 to September 10, Chief of Staff Supreme Allied Commander. Sept. 1 Kornilov arrested with his colleagues and sent them to the custody of the faithful Bychaеґ Kornilov troops. Attitude to Kornilov expressed in a letter to the editor of New Times BA. Suvorin: "Russia has no right to prevent the forthcoming very soon offense against its best, the gallant sons and skillful generals. Kornilov did not encroach on the state system, he sought, with the assistance of some members of the government to change the composition of the latter, pick up people who are honest, active and energetic. It is not treason, not rebellion ... "(VD Polikarpov, Military Counter-Revolution in Russia, M, 1990,. 279).

. After the October Revolution he fled to Novocherkassk, . where the Nov. 2 has begun to establish so-called Alexeyevsky organization - volunteer military forces from escaping to the Don officers, . cadets, . Students, . Cadets, . school students high school and other,
. December 25 was the name of the formation of the Volunteer Army, Alekseev became its supreme leader and commander of the Kornilov. The appeal, . distributed by December 27, . The Volunteer Army was obligated to uphold civil liberties, . "in which the owner of the Russian land, . its people, . identify through freely elected Constituent Assembly of the sovereign will of its own "(ibid., . with,
. 326). After the death of Kornilov (13 April 1918) Alekseev - head of "special meeting" (Government of the Territory, which extended the power of the Volunteer Army).

In a letter to VV. Shulgin in June 1918, wrote: "... With regard to our slogan - Constituent Assembly - should be borne in mind that we have exhibited it only because of the need. The first ad, which we will be done about it already mentioned will not be completely. Our sympathy should be clear to you, but to show them here publicly, it would be a mistake, as the population it would have been greeted with hostility "(ibid.,. 326 - 27). In August, during a meeting with representatives arrived in Ekaterinodar "front of the Constituent Assembly" in the Volga region told them that the slogan of the Constituent Assembly obsolete and people longing for monarchy. He died of heart disease.