Markovnikov, Vladimir Vasilyevich

(25.XII 1837 - 11.II 1904)
Russian chemist - organic. Born Kniahinin (now Nizhny Novgorod Region).. He graduated from Kazan University (1860) and to represent L. M. Butlerova on at the university laboratory. In 1865-1867 he. to prepare for a professorship was on a business trip in Berlin, Munich, Leipzig, where he worked in the laboratories of a. I. F. V. Bayer, R. A. K. V. Erlenmeyer and A. V. G. Kolbe. In 1867-1871 he. taught at the Kazan University (from 1869 - professor), in 1871-1873 he. - In the Novorossiysk University in Odessa, in 1873-1904 he. - Moscow University.

Research dedicated to theoretical organic chemistry, organic synthesis and petrochemicals. Received (1862-1867 gg.) New data on the isomerism of alcohols and fatty acids, has opened a number of olefinic hydrocarbons oxide, first synthesized halogen-and oksiproizvodnye isomers of butyric acid. The results of these studies formed the basis of his theory of the mutual influence of atoms as the main content of the theory of chemical structure. Formulate (1869) rules on the direction of substitution reactions, splitting, joining the double bond and isomerization depending on the chemical structure (s rule). Showed features of double and triple bonds in unsaturated compounds, is of greater strength relative to their ordinary relations, but not in the equivalence of two and three simple relations. Together with the staff r. A. Krestovnikov first synthesized (1879) tsiklobutandikarbonovuyu acid. Investigated (from 1880) of oil, petrochemical laying the foundation as an independent science. Open (1883) a new class of organic substances - naphthenes. Showed that, along with geksagidrobenzolnymi hydrocarbons. Vreden there are a number of hydrocarbons cyclopentane CYCLOHEPTANE and other cycloalkanes. Proved the existence of cycles with the number of carbon atoms from 3 to 8, was first given (1889) suberon; establish mutual isomeric transformation of cycles in the direction as to increase, . and reduce the number of atoms in the ring, opened (1892) the first reaction of isomerization of cyclic hydrocarbons with a decrease in the cycle (CYCLOHEPTANE in methylcyclohexane),
. He has introduced many new experimental methods of analysis and synthesis of organic substances. For the first time studied the transition of naphthenes to aromatic hydrocarbons.

One of the founders of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society (1868).