Max Wertheimer

(1880 - 1943) - German psychologist, the representative of Gestalt. Have been critical of the associative areas in psychology, experimentally proving that consciousness is constructed from holistic (gestalt), irreducible to individual sensory elements. According to VA, these images are the primary, have special characteristics and are subject to laws other than those established for the simplest sensations. Properties are often defined structure of the f-swarm, they can isolate only artificially. Criticizing the artificiality of the old picture of consciousness and used with the aim of studying the method of introspection, . thought, . that it should be replaced by a new, . posed by the phenomenological method in conjunction with the experiment, . able to grasp the dynamics of coherent mental entities,
. Critique associations-tsianizma In. combined with criticism of Physiology, starting from the submission of individual nerve cells and their connecting waterways. This he contrasted with the interpretation of the physiology of nervous activity as a holistic, dynamic structure, such a "field". The relationship between this structure and the mental gestalt was conceived by the type of isomorphism (vzaimoodnoznachnogo match elements of one system (eg, maps), the other elements (eg, area). Studying visual perception, in. singled out a number of features, interpreted as the laws of Gestalt, . giving special importance pregnantnosti as trends in perceived image to take a complete and "good" form ( "good" was considered an integral figure, . to-Rui can not be done easier or more ordered),
. In papers devoted to thinking ( "Productive Thinking", 1945), In. made against the assotsianistskogo, . and against the formal-logical approach to this process, . proving (in the experiments on children and in an interview with Einstein), . thinking suggests that a true insight as a seizure (eg, . principle of solving problems) and should be described in such terms, . as "centering", . "reorganization", etc.,