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ZAITSEV Boris Konstantinovich

( Talented Writer)

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Biography ZAITSEV Boris Konstantinovich
Born January 29, 1881, Mr.. in the city of Orel, in a noble family, originating from the Tartar type with an admixture of Polish blood. Zaitsev's childhood spent in a manor near Kaluga, in an atmosphere of open spaces and family affection. One of the major influences of childhood - constant contact with nature and hunting. Studied in Kaluga real school; in 1898. enrolled in the Imperial Technical School in Moscow, but in 1899. there has been expelled for taking part in the riots, was a student of the Mining Institute, seeking to university, passed in 1902, Mr.. Examination in ancient languages and entered the law faculty of Moscow University, but finished the course in. This period of student life Zaitsev himself characterizes as "the ravings of the time - so far not decided on a literary work in 1905 - 1906 gg.". The first literary efforts include the age of 16 - 17 years. The story "The Road" appeared in the Courier in 1901. Then Zaitsev published in the newspapers: "Courier", . "Morning of Russia" and "Speech" and in magazines: "The Truth", . "New Way", . "Questions of Life", . "Golden Fleece", . "Pass", . "Russian Thought", . "Modern World", . Journal Europe, . "A new magazine for all", . "New Life", . in the anthology "Rosehip" and "Earth",
. The first book of short stories published in 1906, the second in 1909, the third - in 1911. (all in St. Petersburg). In 1913, Mr.. Zaitseva his novel "The Far edge". Zaitsev - one of the most gifted and original writers who spoke in the first years of the twentieth century. This is - a typical representative of modern, so-called "young" literature. It affected all of its features and its most important quests in the area as the ideas and forms. He is largely inherent characteristic of the young literature propensity to philosophize - to the elucidation of life in the light of the moral problems. He is not interested concrete appearance of things, not their outward appearance and inner essence, their relevance to fundamental questions of existence and their mutual relationship. This discontent old art forms - domestic realism, the search for new, more relevant content. Content creation Zaitseva - the human soul as part of the cosmos and its reflection. The most appropriate methods, at first, he seemed in part the so-called "Impressionism," partly symbolism, and then it became more and more evident attraction to the new - in-depth and sophisticated - the realism. Zaitsev - big subjectivist, but its expansiveness does not seem rude frankness: on the contrary, it gives his work an intimate impression of nobility. Lyricism is the main feature of his stories. Among them there is no one who would not have been typical Zaitsevsky. The question of the meaning of life and related rebellious, unhealthy feelings are reflected in the psychology of Zaitsev's very difficult. They clashed with his spiritual organization, it is not prone to storms and do not suffer dissonance with his soul light, in Chekhovian peaceful and contemplative, humbly hosted lives. Modernity poisoned Zaitseva their venom, but theoretically, he remained a staunch and consistent defender of life. This accounts for the ambivalence that is inherent Zaitsevsky heroes. All of them - for "life" and believe that man-"torch" is not given the right to extinguish itself, until it was extinguish, but to live, to arrange their lives, they can not. They faint pulse of life. Heroes Zaitseva - such as passive viewer, like Chekhov's gloomy people, but they have no inherent intellectual isolation from the cosmos, they do not feel close to nature alone. In the stories of the 3rd book: "Mist," "Quiet dawns", "The priest Conidia", "The Myth", the connection between man and the world is so strong that they seem to be fused together: the man as if he had not separated from space. Space in general is dominated by Zaitseva over the individual start and choke him even in the later stories, such as "Evening Hour". Otstradavshaya, which ended with personal issues heroine said: "Whatever else, I see. I feel even the joy of life, . - It is more for me in a piece of blue sky, . in violet, . the eyes of a girl in love, . the white foam of the sea, . laughter of a child ... "The current crisis of individualism barely touched Zaitseva: there was this tendency in his nature,
. To his artistic optimism, he did not come immediately. In earlier stories, such as "Sisters" and "Guest", the characters feel uneasy feeling before the issues being. Complete and most vividly expressed optimism Zaitseva in Agrafena "because he had to deal with symbols, rather than with human beings. In this tale of the human, in particular - a woman's life, the challenges have in common with the "life" Andreeva, but the mood, they differ sharply. Comparison of these two works are equally schematic, can show how far divorced from Zaitsev deniers of life in the way Andreeva, Remizov or Artsybasheva. Despite its abstractness, "Agrafena" with extraordinary conviction reveals the problem of life. In resignation Agrafena, who has lived a stormy life, not shying away from neither joy nor suffering from, there is nothing artificial: it ends with complete enlightenment and a friend of peace. In the beautiful story of "Peace" and in a big novel "Far edge" Zaitseva optimism was somewhat piecemeal in nature: on the one hand, . characters say, . that "life is beautiful", . and it "irrevocably wins someone near and dear", . on the other - they are so fragile and Hila, . that in extreme cases - if you really crush ", . always ready and "back down",
. As an innovator, Zaitsev, however - one of those links that connect the literature of the past with the future of literature. Zaitsev in common with the old literature, above all, his idealism and a strong moral foundation. His heroes are very strong sense of duty. They are not free, they feel the world's top performers will. "Drama is, horror - yes, but we live in the name of beauty ...". "Life is life - the struggle for light, culture, truth. Not a single person belongs ". The idea expressed in his last words, is a central Zaitseva. Rodney him with the old literature and the brightest in his art Russian element. In his works all truly Russian - and nature, and man. Nature, as in Chekhov - a typical Russian landscape: broad plain, infinite distance, boundless expanse, with the usual predominance of elegiac, dull colors that have to self-contemplation, contemplation - in the spirit of paintings Levitan. Russian people have Zaitseva delineated not just as people in general, but in the "Tranquility" Konstantin is a typical Russian landowner - a wanderer, a descendant of superfluous people Turgenev. The hero of "Exile" - a specific Russian man, with a touch of Tolstoyism, high moral demands and internal readiness to "care". Zaitsev - one of the few young writers who avoid the influence of Dostoevsky. All literary influence was as it evenly, with some predominance of Tolstoy and Turgenev. The closest and apparently, a very beloved teacher Zaitseva was Chekhov, with whom he had much in common and in-kind and talent. Talent Zaitseva not differ such completeness and stability, as in Chekhov, but softer and thinner. Zaitsev - also a miniaturist, but who made a lot of new things in miniature. He knows how to focus attention on just one side of the subject, which he particularly needed. The best examples of such waves miniatures are placed in 3 volume. In each of the essays: "Dawn", "Death," "Pearl", presented some life episode on a broad background of author's feelings and thoughts about life. The ability to approach the subject directly and immediately to capture the charm lies Zaitsev's manners, which, despite the increased gravity Zaitseva for realism, is impressionistic and lyrical even in the big novel "Far edge". Some pictures of this novel fresh and poetic, and could well be regarded as independent works (for example, all the Italian episodes). But on the whole affair is no different completeness, harmony and breadth of the capture. In short stories and novels, have Zaitseva has several pieces, not particularly successful, but typical for him: "Loyalty", "Love", "Manor Larin". The latter resembles somewhat "Seagull" Chekhov, Turgenev's part "Month in the Country. - Wed. YU. Eichenwald "Force. rus. nuc. "(T. III); A. Gornfeld "Books and People"; E. Koltonovskaya "New Life". E. Koltonovskaya.


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