HINDEMITH Paul (Hindemith Paul)

(1895-1963)
Born November 16, 1895 in Hanau, studied there in the Higher School of Music in A. Mendelson, B. Zeklesa. While scholars have shown outstanding abilities as a performer and was adopted by a violinist in the orchestra of the Frankfurt Opera (Musical violins, 1915-1923). Outstanding violinist, he was from 1922 to 1929 played in the famous Quartet Amara.
Hindemith soon turned to composition and his music immediately drew the attention. Already by 1925 he was recognized as an outstanding modern German author and his works were performed at all major festivals. From 1927 to 1937 Hindemith taught composition at the Berlin High School of Music, but in 1934 the Nazis denounced Hindemith as an art 'Bolshevik' and execution of his works were banned. Over the next three years, the composer continued to work under strong political pressure, . and then stopped teaching career in Germany, . responded to the suggestion of Mustafa Kemal Pasha and started organizing the musical life in Turkey,
. In 1940 Hindemith emigrated to the United States and taught composition at Yale University. In 1953 he returned to Europe, accepting the invitation of the University of Zurich. In 1955 Hindemith divided his time between pedagogy and conducting. Hindemith died in Frankfurt on Dec. 28, 1963. See. and Counterpoint.

Music. The vast amount of work by Hindemith differs versatility. His early works, related mainly to the instrumental-genres, reflect antiromanticheskuyu trend, characteristic of German art in the period after World War. However, in the composer's mature style sharp dissonances and tone uncertainty is largely mitigated. In 1927, Hindemith began his quite successfully arranged a creative experiment: he turned to composing a so-called. Gebrauchsmusik - everyday music for school and home music making, among works of this kind can be distinguished operetta There and Back Again (Hin und zurck, 1927).

Artist Mtis Symphony (Mathis der Maler, 1934), based on the themes of Hindemith's opera of the same name, mark a new stylistic trend, characteristic of the late period of the composer's. It is tonal, saturated moderately dissonant counterpoint, a symphony can serve as an excellent illustration of the theory of composition, described by the author in his Guide to Musical Composition (Unterweisung im Tonsatz, 1937-1970). Hindemith's theory does not break radically with the classical, as is its logical continuation, and this explains a significant impact on the teaching of contemporary musicians. The ideas stated in the first book have been developed in subsequent works of the author: Exercises in Two-(1941), Traditional Harmony (1943, second edition - 1946) and elementary theory for musicians (1946). Thoughts Hindemith's music and musicians have found reflection in his book The World Composer (A Composer's World, 1952), which is based on lectures delivered at Harvard University in 1949-1950. Hindemith also wrote an interesting essay on JS Bach (1950)

. Most significant among the major works of Hindemith's mature period are opera Kardilyak (Cardillac, . 1926, . second edition 1952) and News of the day (Neues vom Tage, . 1929, . second edition 1953), . song cycle The Life of Mary (Das Marienleben, . 1922-1923, . second edition 1936-1948), . Sonata for Violin and Piano in E major (1935), . 3 piano sonatas (1936), . Violin Concerto (1939), . Symphony in Es (1940), . Symphonic Metamorphosis to Weber (1943), . large-scale piano cycle game tonalities (Ludus tonalis, . 1942), . Requiem for Whitman poem (When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed, . 1946), . Sinfonia Serena (1946), . Concerto for Horn and Orchestra (1949), . Symphony for Wind Orchestra (1951), . cantata Ite, . Angeli Veloces for soloists, . Choir, . orchestra and wind ensemble (1955) and Symphony Harmony of Peace (Die Harmonie der Welt, . 1951) on the same-name opera, . completed in 1957.,