GIPPONAKS (Hipponaks)

Gipponaks; Hipponaks, from Ephesus, the second half of VI. BC. e., Greek poet, yambograf. Apparently, came from an aristocratic family, but would lead a miserable life of a clown and buffoon. Tyrants banished from Ephesus, he moved to Klazomenai on Lydian coast. G. considered the inventor of the meter, called "lame pentameter" (choliambos). This amount represents the iambic trimeter, in the last line which is used spondee, and followed by two accented syllables. Lame pentameter was a suitable size for mocking poetry, GA, offers unique phenomenon in Greek literature. G. also used the correct and iambic trochee. Retain about 170 small fragments. We meet them artisans and representatives of public floor who stay in urban alleys, taverns suspect involved in shady deals, often settle their disputes by means of abuse and beatings. The main place is here to settle scores with some Bupalom sculptor and his brother.

According to legend, they brought the poet into a rage and thirst for revenge aroused his ridicule. Pursued by a caustic response iambs G., both committed suicide. More plausible theory that the cause was the rivalry of hatred because hetaera named Arete (Virtue), which is often referred to in the passages. Other characters, such as the hapless farmer or a clever painter, belong to the same stratum of urban society waste. The language of these passages are extremely colorful: the abundance of curses and imprecations, an expression borrowed from the languages of neighboring peoples - the Lydians and the Phrygians. G. enjoyed in their jargon uneducated urban poor. "Wretched" poetry is based on the ceremonial songs-petitions. Most often this prayer to Hermes, containing requests for clothing, footwear and opportunities to get money, appeals to give food or clothes, addressed by some people, an expression of frustration, if those calls went unanswered. In the "squalid" fragments of the first in Greek literature Plutus the god of wealth appears in the form of a blind old man.

By the same direction can be ranked contains the enumeration of the various delicious dishes satire on the glutton who ate his estate and had to work hard. A special place is one gekzametrichesky fragment in 4 verses, perhaps because of the heroic-comic poem in praise of the Homeric epithets twist of a Evrimedontiada. One only does this passage proves that T. was not alien to the literary tradition. G. a favorite poet of Attic comedy V and IV centuries. BC. e. Aristophanes made a blind god of wealth from the main character comedy Plutus. G. enjoyed success and have the Alexandrian poets, who sought neordinardyh literary effects. Callimachus declared him the patron of his collection iambs. Herodas by mimes, written in iambic lame, considered himself a follower of Mr.. In II. n. e. Babrius wrote fables Choliamb. In Roman literature lame pentameter used Catullus and Martial.