Boris Chertok Evseyevich

Russia scholar and designer in the field of rocket and space technology. Born March 1, 1912 in Poland in Lodz, where his father worked as an accountant in a textile factory. In Poland, the family was due to mother-revolutionaries, who after the defeat of the revolution of 1905 was forced to emigrate, lived in Switzerland, France, and then settled with her husband in Lodz. In 1914, after the First World War, when Poland was a war zone, the family with the stream of refugees left Russia and settled in Moscow. Boris's childhood passed in Presnensky Gate. Near the house located Khodynskoe radio (in those years the most powerful in the country) and the Central Republican airfield. This neighborhood has caused enthusiasm aviation and radio, largely determined the fate of Chertok in the future. As a schoolboy, ran to the Radio Club, and even published in the magazine 'Radio all'. In 1929, he graduated from high school and tried to enter the electrical engineering department of the Moscow Higher Technical School, but was not adopted because of the lack of proletarian origin. I had to get a job as an electrician at Krasnopresnenskoye silicate plant. Autumn of 1930 began working as a mechanic at an aircraft factory? 22 names of 'Decade of October' (now - Plant Khrunichev). Was an active member of the Komsomol, in 1932, out of conviction entered in the RCP (b). Fascinated social work, organized a flying school, agitated in a parachute Circle recorded. In 1932 he was elected secretary of the Komsomol committee Plant. With enthusiasm was an inventor. One of his first major invention - the automatic release gear. For this invention he received the unheard-of in those days the prize - 500 rubles. He was one of the founders of equipment for the latest at the time of aircraft.

In 1934, having earned the required work experience, entered the evening department of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. In the same year as an active inventor was sent to the Design Bureau (KB) Viktor Yanukovych Bolkhovitinov and immediately was led teams that developed special equipment for aircraft. Teamwork Bolkhovitinov was an excellent school for young engineer. It should be noted that the school Bolkhovitinov were many remarkable domestic designers: Alexander Bereznyak, Alexei Isaev, Vasily Mishin, Konstantin Bush, Nikolai Pilyugin, Arkhip cradle and other. In 1937, Chertok was appointed as the lead engineer for special equipment of the first plane PI-2, which under the symbol of the polar N-209 aircraft was preparing to fly from Moscow to the U.S. via the North Pole. The flight, taken on the initiative of the famous polar pilot with. A. Levanevskogo, ended in disaster, whose causes are unknown so far. In 1937 KB Bolkhovitinov moved to Kazan, but remained in Moscow, Chertok, and was transferred to the chief of the brigade of special equipment and weapons to fire - the serial design bureau of the plant? 22. At the end of 1938 left the factory? 22 for graduation at the fifth year at college. In 1939 he returned to the team Bolkhovitinov, who by this time returned from Kazan to Moscow and settled on a small pilot plant? 293. Here Chertok wrote his thesis project 'system of alternating current for heavy bomber', who defended in the same 1939. At the factory? 293 he worked until 1944, headed the department of special equipment. One of the participants in the creation of the first Soviet rocket plane BI-1, developed for its ignition system and a system of radio guidance.

In 1945 - 1946 he served in Germany, where together with other Soviet specialists studied rocketry defeated Germany. It was in Germany there was the first meeting Chertok and Queen, which linked them to 20 years of working together until his death of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. After returning to Moscow, began to work at NII-88, headed the 'Y' (Department of Management Systems). He participated in the study, the assembly and the first launches of captured V-2 rockets, and then in the design, manufacture and testing of their Soviet counterpart R-1, and then all subsequent Soviet military missiles. In 1950 he started work in OKB-1 (CB Queen) Deputy Head? 5 (Department of Control Systems), chief of which at the time was Mikhail Kuzmich Yangelya. In 1952, after the transition Yangelya of OKB-1 for the post of Director of NII-88 was again appointed Chief of Department. Chertok was one of the closest associates of the Queen, his deputy, 'General of the cosmos'. Developed control systems for all missiles royal KB, for artificial satellites, space probes. He was engaged in problems of celestial. Neither the development of the Royal Bureau did not take place without the participation of all the successes and Chertok Chertok - the successes and KB. Participant in the creation of R-5 - the carrier of nuclear weapons. April 20, 1956 for participation in the creation and testing of R-5 was awarded the Order of Lenin. Member of the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile R-7 and the first space launches. In 1957 he was awarded the Lenin Prize for their participation in the establishment of R-7 rocket and launch the first artificial earth satellite. Member creation of the first interplanetary probes and preparation of the world's first manned space flight.

June 17, 1961 for participation in the implementation of the world's first manned space flight was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1976 he was awarded the USSR State Prize for participation in the development rocket and space technology. Corresponding Member of the Russia Academy of Sciences since 1968), member of the International Academy of Astronautics. In 1992 he was awarded a gold medal named RAS B. N. Petrova. Currently resides in Moscow, but continues to work actively, is the chief scientific advisor to the NGO 'Energy', chairman of the section Scientific Council of Academy of Sciences of traffic control and navigation. Continues to lecture to students of the Moscow Physical-Technical Institute and the Moscow State Technical University named H. E. Bauman. Author of books' Rockets and People 'and' Rockets and People. Fili - Podlipki - Tyuratam '.