SHKLOVSKY Viktor Borisovich

Shklovsky Viktor Borisovich (1893 - 1984), novelist, literary critic. Born on January 12 (24 NS) in St. Petersburg in the family of teacher. Early years were in the capital, in the Admiralty of the city. Since childhood read very much, although poorly at school, was expelled, "had to act in a condescending high school, which finished brilliantly. It began to be published ( "The right of grief" - in "Spring", where the secretary was Kamensky). Delivered to the Philological Faculty of St. Petersburg University, listens to lectures such famous teachers as academician and academician Krachkovskii Baudouin de Courtenay. During these years, is fond of poetry, met with Osip Mandelstam, S. Gorodetsky, later - with Mayakovsky. In 1916, together with Jakubinskij, Brik and Polivanov involved in the organization "Society for the Study of the theory of poetic language (OPOYaZ)", published several collections of.

During the February Revolution, he served in the tsarist army, an instructor in the automobile company (promoted to the rank of senior non-commissioned officer), went to the south-western front, where they were supposed to attack, was wounded and received the Order of St.George. After recovery he was sent to Persia, where he learned about the October Revolution. He returned to Petrograd. He served in the Red Army, was wounded in the attack Wrangel. Returning again in Petrograd, worked in the editorial board of "Art of Life", became a professor at the Institute of History of Art. To be a witness at the trial of right-wing Socialist, left the ice in the Gulf of Finland, Finland, and then with the help of his uncle, who lived in England (artist Yves. Puni), received a visa to Germany, where he met Ehrenburg met with Meyerhold and Mayakovsky, with whom he received permission to return home.

In 1925 published the book "Theory of Prose". Engaged in literary history: in 1928 wrote the book "The material and style of the novel of Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace". In 1929 comes "Matthew Komarov, a resident of the city of Moscow".

In 1930 appears a critical article, writes about modern literature: the Sholokhov, Ostrovsky, M. Gorky, V. Mayakovsky. Interest in history was reflected in his works "Marco Polo" (1936); "Minin and Pozharsky (1940)," The Tale of the artist Fedotov (1955) and others.

In 1963 comes the fundamental biography "Leo Tolstoy". Along with the literature Shklovsky worked in cinema, creating a work of film theory, literary portraits Eisenstein, L. Kuleshov, Dziga Vertov and others, acting as author and co-author of screenplays.

In recent years, made a fine literary works - "Energy of Delusion" (1981) and others. Shklovsky died in 1984.