Lilbern John

The younger son of landed gentry, L. in 1630 was apprenticed to a London suknotorgovtsu. Joined one of the puritanical sect. In 1638 he was imprisoned. Released by the Long Parliament in 1641. Actively participated in the 1-st CET. war of 1642-1646, rising to the rank of lieutenant. In 1645 refused to recognize "Kovekant" and in protest against the policy of the Presbyterians retired. In a number of pamphlets to substantiate Bourges .- democratic. idea of drug. Sovereignty and Natural Science. Rights. Radical melkoburzh. Democrat L. put to the forefront the political reforms. He opposed monarhich. governance and the existence of the House of Lords, for the republic, against any feud, privilege, for the equality of all before the law protects freedom of religion. Belief. He defended the inviolability of person and property, freedom of the press. Under the Burj. revolution, these requirements were aimed at the complete destruction feod.-birth order and approval of the foundations burzh.-democratic. Republic. Important for the deepening of the revolution had a requirement L. the abolition of monopolies and patents, the abolition of tithes, tax relief. At the same time L. opposed the abolition of private property. In 1646 on the orders of the House of Lords L. was again thrown into prison. Composed in 1647 he and his associates "Nar. agreement "was a programmatic document of the Party Levellers. In 1648 L. was released. Sharply criticized the position came to power in 1649 Independents, to-rye rejected plans for democratic. transformation. In March 1649 L. was re-arrested, imprisoned in the Tower, but here has not stopped the fight. In the spring of 1649 he and his supporters issued a "Manifesto" and "Agreement of free people of England", containing politi. and socio-eco-Mitch. views L. and Party Levellers. Trial L. (Oct. 1649) turned in his triumph and ended in acquittal. However, in 1652 he was deported from England. After returning home in 1653 was re-arrested. Despite frames dates. verdict, L. almost until his death in fact was in custody. For all its petty constraints L. played an enormous role in England Revolution as one of the brightest representatives of the democratic movement.