Years of life: 15.08.1862 - 1930.
Abram Arkhipov Yefimovich entered the history of Russian art of the late XIX-early XX century as a fine artist and poetic talent who has devoted his creative Russian village peasant theme. He was born August 15, 1862 in one of the deaf village of Ryazan province in a poor peasant family. For the first time the boy was introduced to painting in the local school. Parents encouraged the occupation and a son in 1876, barely raised money and sent him to Moscow to study at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Together with him at that time were engaged in a. Ryabushkin, H. Kasatkin, M. Nesterov. Soul School and favorite teacher was in. G. Perov, taught as E. Makovsky, IN. D. Polenov, A. K. Savrasov.
Arkhipov studied with great tenacity. His work has received awards at exhibitions. For the third year of withdrawal of a young artist who performs the song "Game of fid", but also the early 80-ies pictures wrote: "In the junk shop" (1882, TG), "The Drunkard" (1883, TG) and Shynok ( 1883, TG). Lessons Perov, who called for artists to depict the truth of life, without fear of the dark sides, not in vain.
Arkhipov begins his career as an artist, genre painter, an obvious successor and follower of his teacher.
In 1883, after seven years of study in college,
Arkhipov decided to continue teaching at the Academy of Arts. However, the academic system of teaching he was disappointed. Despite the fact that the pictorial sketch "The model falling from the saddle and the pictures were considered exemplary and sent for permanent storage in the Academic Museum,
Arkhipov left the Academy and returned to the Moscow School. After his death he was engaged in Perova Polenova, whose art, full of light, joyous sense of life, also influenced the work of
Arkhipov.
. One of the major work summarizing the apprentice period, was the picture of "Girlfriends" or "visiting the sick" (1885, TG)
. It depicts the artist's mother. Sadly her head down, staring into space, sitting sick woman in a dark shabby hut on a bed of straw. Beside her, with the same sorrowful dimmed eyes perched neighbor, who came found out sick. The poses of both women, their tired, sad faces - all spoke about the resignation, hopelessness and bleak. Only sunlight, which breaks into the open door, as it recalls the existing somewhere in the joy and beauty. In this work - quiet sorrow and deep sympathy to the human misery.
In 1888,
Arkhipov, together with their friends in the college went on a journey along the Volga. They stayed in the villages, a lot of drawing, writing sketches. Ibid idea was born a small painting "The Volga" (1889, RM), in which the artist first tried to achieve an organic combination of genre scenes and lyrical landscape.
. Two years later,
Arkhipov was adopted as an active member of the Association of Traveling Exhibitions
. In the same year appeared one of the most famous of his paintings "on the river Oka (TG), which shows a floating barge with a tired, lost in thought peasants. Contents of the picture grows story frame. It is broader, deeper, more significant. This is a story about people that can make a lot, keeping stability and spiritual strength. This assertion Russian poetry of nature, with blue dalyami, spring flooding of rivers, streams of sunlight. The color palette, built on a combination of muted pale colors, with the general mood of the work. Changed painting style
Arkhipova. From care and prescription early works the artist comes to the broad, free, temperamental letter.
"The whole picture is to write directly to the sun, - reported on the canvas in. V. Stassov, . - It feels right for every shadow and glitter, . around the wonderful overall impression of sitting on the barge people, four women - just great for infinitely truthful postures, . which they, . idle, . tired and sad sitting silently on their bales.,
. In the 90 years
Arkhipov painted mostly in the air, he took his characters from the small stuffy studios and rooms in the vast expanses of the Volga, in the open, sunlit areas, lawns and roads podzolized
. Spring cheerfulness breathes paintings "The ice has passed" (1895, Ryazan Regional Art Museum). Free of ice river, breaking the shackles of winter. At a celebration of the awakening of nature came to see villagers - old men, women,
kids. The first rays of the sun poured all around. People in the works of the artist is inextricably linked with nature. Their thoughts and feelings are transmitted as would be reflected through the landscape, which, as in the Russian legends, folk songs, is an epic breadth and scope, lyrical intimacy and subtle poetry.
. Later
Arkhipov creates and works imbued with the dramatic content
. The first of them - "in stages" (1893, TG), dedicated a new theme in the artist's tragic fate of the peasants, ruined and impoverished, exhausted by poverty and landlessness. Submissive, silent, they patiently bear his cross.
In the painting "day laborer at the Ironworks" (1896, TG), the artist referred to one of the important topics of the XIX century: the bitter fate of the Russian woman. Playing the rest of the exhausting labor of women,
Arkhipov pays great attention to the transfer of the surrounding. Prostrate black smoke, scorched earth, low wooden cabinets help to provide the terrible conditions in which, from dawn to dusk employs workers.
In the pictures
Arkhipova almost never have acute situations or are active. The basic idea is revealed through the environment, an environment in which events occur. This decision of genre painting was typical of the masters of the late XIX century. Among the most famous and most significant works include
Arkhipova painting "Laundry workers, existing in two versions (1899, RM, 1901, TG).
In the early 1900-ies appear northern landscapes
Arkhipova. It appears majestic nature, with muted colors, distinctive wooden architecture, low huts, on the banks tesnyaschimisya, uninhabited wooded islands, huge boulders at the sea. He enthusiastically working on the painting "North Village" (1902, TG), boat landing in the North "(1903, TG)," the North "(1912, TG). In gray, of strict scale of these paintings signed an amazing wealth of color. The coloring of their solemn and sonorous.
During these years
Arkhipov creates an original series of portraits of peasant - girls and women of Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan. They are all in bright national costumes, embroidered handkerchiefs and beads. Portraits, written extensively, generally, temperamental major stroke, differ decorative, major colorful range. Favorite are red, intense pink, rich tones.
A lot of time and gives the artist and teaching activities. Starting her in 1894 at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture,
Arkhipov and after the October revolution continues to teach. In 1924 he joined the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia. In 1927, in connection with the fortieth anniversary of artistic activity, he, one of the first Soviet artists, was awarded the title People's Artist of the Republic.
Died A. E.
Arkhipov 1930.
50 biographies of the masters of Russian art. L., Aurora. 1970. P.259
Portfolio
- One of the works A. E. Arkhipova can be found in the section "Russian Art" on a private page, George Mitrevski (Auburn University, USA).
