Fedot Shubin was born May 17, 1740 in Arkhangelsk province, in a fishing village near Kholmogory. His father, Ivan Afanasievich skin coat, free peasant, was literate and was the first teacher of M. V. University. The family engaged in fishing
Shubin, arable farming, carved bone and nacre.
In winter 1759, after the death of his father,
Fedot skin coat on the example of his great countryman went to a fish wagon train to the capital. Two years the young man cut snuff boxes, fans, combs, trinkets that are willing to buy in St. Petersburg.
In November 1761, sheltered M. V. Lomonosov and the first trustee of the Academy of Arts and. I. Shuvalov,
Fedot skin coat was added to the lists of students under the name
Fedota Shubin.
Shubin studied persistently and repeatedly honored with praise and awards. In June 1766 for the relief of "the murder of Askold and Dir, he was awarded the gold medal and certificate from the sword", which meant getting the first officer's rank and personal nobility.
. Academic work
Shubin, which also includes genre statuette Valdayka with bread-rings "and" Oreshnitsa with nuts ", did not reach us
. For "good progress, morality, honest and commendable behavior"
Shubin with a group of retirees in May 1767 went to Paris. There they watched over the Russian Ambassador D. A. Golitsyn, enlightened and progressive man, philanthropist, a great connoisseur of art. On the advice of Diderot, who was a friend Golitsyn,
Shubin identified in the studio for the sculptor Jean-B. Pigalle, known not only as the creator of allegorical and mythological compositions, but also as the author of a number of realistic portrait busts. Working with him,
Shubin copies the works of contemporary French sculpture and antique statues, reliefs sculpts with paintings of Raphael and Poussin. But especially a lot Pigalle makes his pupil to work with nature. Evenings
Shubin visited full-scale class of the Paris Academy of Arts, was a frequent visitor to the Royal Library and workshops known sculptors. ... Not a remarkable place in Paris and a decent on for us, do not miss and uses diligence in increments of mind "- he wrote to St. Petersburg.
. After a three-year stay in Paris, in late 1770, Mr.
Shubin permission Academy goes to Rome
. The following year, he created portraits and. I. Shuvalov (1771, TG) and his nephew, F. N. Golitsyn (1771, TG). Was an apt and a marble bust of Catherine II, despite the fact that this work was performed not with the nature. At the same time favorite of the Empress - Alexei and Fyodor Orlov - bought
Shubin their portraits. These works are extremely restrained and realistic tendencies in the interpretation of images.
. In 1772,
Shubin during a trip to Italy with Demidovs stayed in Bologna, where he completed a series of works for which the oldest in Europe, Bologna academy gave him a diploma for the title of honorary academician
. In the summer of 1773, before returning to St. Petersburg,
Shubin with Demidovs made another trip - to London.
The first work of the sculptor at home was a bust of Catherine the diplomat Prince A. M. Golitsyn, one of the most brilliant works
Shubin (1775, plaster, RM, marble, TG). The image formed by the great men, in which the subtle mind is combined with a worldly sophistication and a sense of superiority over others with fatigue of an aging man, shows a penetrating and expressive. Great transferred the flowing movement of folds of clothing, which seemed to obey povorchu head and shoulders and at the same time, interspersed with his. Marble truly "breathing" under the master cutter, as contemporaries said about the art
Shubin. This work has earned praise from Falcone.
. September 4, 1774 Academy of Arts, violating the statute, under which the title of academician relies only for works of historical or mythological genre, awards
Shubin for his portrait bust of the Empress
. This exception has been made possible because it was aware of the favor to the sculptor and the court nobles and most of Catherine II.
In the 70 years the wizard creates a lot of portraits, while working quickly: at least one bust in a month. All wanted to have portraits made favorite of the Empress. However inexhaustible powers of observation and insight helped the sculptor does not repeat itself, finding new solutions coming not from outward signs, but from the internal content model. The portraits
Shubina before us is the high society of St. Petersburg. For external grace and elegance of court ladies M. R. Panina (mid-1770, TG) slip coldness, authoritativeness and arrogance, famous commander Field Marshal P. A. Rumyantsev (1777, RM) is depicted in artfully draped cloak, his appearance did not embellished. Moreover - the sculptor was able to identify it features a strong and significant nature.
Entirely different character revealed in the portrait in. G. Orlova1778, TG). Aristocratic bearing, lush drapery - all the solemnity of appearance was on hand sculptor irony. Blunt, arrogant person incompetent person, who headed the Academy of Sciences exclusively through family connections, imprinted with merciless honesty.
Simple and austere compositions on the bust of a wealthy industrialist,. S. Baryshnikov (1778, TG). In this representative of the emerging bourgeoisie
Shubin sees a clever and shrewd businessmen, brilliantly merged the individual and social characteristics.
Excitement, romance and striking portrait of Secretary of State Catherine II P. V. Zavadsky (mid-1770,. TG). Such a perception, promote and plastic treatment of form - the temperamental fast modeling.
. Secret movements of the soul reveals the sculptor in surprisingly poetic image of a young man - "Portrait of an unknown" (mid-1770, TG)
. Calm composition, soft Modeling makes you feel the state of deep meditation portrayed.
. In the years 1774-1775
Shubin worked on the order of Catherine II and on the series, which consisted of fifty-eight round marble bas-reliefs (diameter about 70 cm) with images of princes and rulers of the Rurik to Elizabeth
. The bas-reliefs were intended for a round hall Chesmensky Palace and are currently in the Armory. Images construed in accordance with the characteristics given in the chronicles.
. In the next decade
Shubin serves numerous commissions for decorative work:
. statues and relief for the Marble Palace, sculpture for the Trinity Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky Monastery, the marble mausoleum, Lieutenant-General P
. M. Golitsyn. The latest decorative work of
Shubin's statue was Pandorydlya large stage set up in connection with the replacement of dilapidated lead sculptures of Peterhof. She served as a prototype for "Bather" Falcone, which
Shubin copied in Paris.
From portrait work 80 years deserve attention busts P. B. Sheremetev (1783, Kuskovo), general and. I. Michelson (1785, RM), a medallion with a profile image of Catherine II and her sculptural bust (1783, RM).
Stands apart in the work of
Shubin's statue of "Catherine II - lawgiver" (1789-1790,
RM). This statue of the empress in the image of the goddess Minerva, a great success, but the Empress of the sculptor received no compensation, did not get seats and professors at the Academy, where a portrait sculpture was considered a "lower genre".
. Over time, interest in
Shubin quenched
. Completed unvarnished portraits of high society less and less like the public, which wants to see his picture perfect. Less becomes orders, and payment falls. The artist is forced to turn to Mr.. A. Potemkin, and he requests that the President of the Academy of Arts and. I. Betsky of enrollment
Shubin as Adjunct Professor in the sculptural class. On a sculptor, too, petitioned the Council of the Academy and requested a paid position. Both letters remained unanswered. Then, in 1792,
Shubin drawn to Catherine: "Most Gracious Majesty, I am in the diminution of health and the need to ask for help ..." Only two years later, the famous master was approved
Professor. but without the provision of paid seats. The misfortunes have undermined the health of an already sick man, burdened with a large family. But
Shubin never stops working. Works relating to the 1790 years, demonstrate the ability of the sculptor deeply and fully disclose the nature of man. Multifaceted set up their images:
dryish old warrior Admiral. YA. Chichagov (1791, RM), good-natured, arrogant sybarite G. A. Potemkin (1791, RM), empty, narcissistic, handsome Platon Zubov (1796, TG), pedantic and. I. Betskoy (1790-e, TG), a dull and stuffy Petersburg mayor E. M. Chulkov (1792, RM), etc.
In 1792,
Shubin memory creates a portrait of M. V. University (RM). Unlike others, this portrait is deeply democratic, but the simple composition and interpretation of form, full of deep intellectual. and there are no elements of pomp and formality.
The masterpiece of portraiture is a bust of Paul I (1797, marble, RM).
Shubin reveals to him the complexity of the image:
arrogance, cold cruelty, pain and hidden in the depths of suffering. Nevertheless, the work of the sculptor Paul liked.
Every year the situation was becoming harder
Shubin. In 1797, Mr.. He turned for help to Paul, and a year of the Academy shall submit his request "not to leave dacheyu although a government flat with firewood and candles". But this was ignored.
Shubin had nothing to support his family, he became blind, and in 1801 burned down his house and studio with works that were found there.
The blows of fate is not forced to change his
Shubin. In one of his last works - bust of Alexander (1801, Voronezh Regional Museum of Fine Arts) for the external affability Emperor shows cold indifference. Alexander still showed mercy - to sculptor bestowed a diamond ring. Had to be attentive to
Shubin and the Academy, providing government apartment and candles, which he had long requested. In 1803, by decree of Alexander I appointed
Shubin, finally, an associate professor with a salary of staff. His health was completely undermined, and May 12, 1805
Shubin is dead.
The death of the sculptor went almost unnoticed. Tragically ended the life of the sculptor, whose art, according to In. I. Mukhina, was "a way of time."
Biographies
Photos
Miscellaneous
- Overview F. I. Shubin, his relatives and namesake on the site "Russia's genealogical tree."
