Vasily KLYUCHEVSKOY Osipovich

Klyuchevskii Vasily Osipovich (1841, Penza - 1911, Moscow) - Historian. Genus. family died early of a village priest. Childhood Kliuchevskoi passed in cruel. Destitution. Having overcome his stuttering, difficulty teaching, he graduated with honors in 1856 Penzenskoe spiritual uch-School and enrolled in seminary. In 1861 Klyuchevskii, not wanting to become a priest, left the seminary and joined the Historical-Philological Faculty of Moscow. un-ta, to-ing graduated in 1865 with a degree candidate and was on the department to prepare for a professorship. First monograph Kliuchevskoi "Legends of the foreigners Muscovy (Moscow, 1866) was indicative of his enormous capacity for work and interest in the history of life. Klyuchevskii the advice of his teacher SM. Solovieva for master's thesis took the theme of "Old Russian Lives of the Saints as a historical source" (Moscow, 1871), to over-Roy spent 6 years studying about 5 thousand. lives that, according to his opponents, was a scientific feat. Klyuchevskii came to the conclusion that the lives - an unreliable historical source, and often do not correspond to real life canonization. This work has allowed Klyuchevskoi acquire rich istochnikovedcheskie experience. In 1867, he began to read Klyuchevskii course of universal history in Alexander's military uch-School. In 1871 he was invited to take a chair at the Moscow. Theological Academy, and the next year to start lecturing at University for Women. Soon Klyuchevskii gained fame amazing lecturer ( "Teachers are not given the floor in order to lull his thoughts, and to awaken someone else") and in 1879 after the death of SM. Solovyov took his place in Moscow. un-te. Counting M.V. Nechkina if the years of lecturing Kliuchevskoi in different educational institutions put together, we obtain the result - 108 years. In 1872 Klyuchevskii began a 10-year working on his doctoral thesis "Boyar Duma Ancient Rus" (M., . 1881), . much importance to his lectures, . where "Boyar Duma considered in connection with the classes and interests, . reigned in the old Russian society ", . K-swarm reflected his understanding of Russian,
. historical process. Along with the special course "History of the estates in Russia" (1887), . research, . devoted to social topics ( "The origin of serfdom in Russia", . "Poll tax and the abolition of slavery in Russia", . "Composition at Zemsky Sobor of ancient Rus), . cultural history XVIII and XIX centuries,
. etc.. Klyuchevskii created a major work of life "Course of Russian History" (Moscow, 1987 - 1989. TI - 5), a-rum outlined his concept of historical development of Russia. From 1902 until the end of life Klyuchevsky prepare it for publication and reprinting, interrupted only in 1905 in connection with participation in the work of the commission to revise the laws on the press and the establishment of State. Duma. In addition to teaching and research, Klyuchevskii in 1887 - 1889 was Dean of History and Philology Faculty and Provost. In 1894 he, . Chairman of the Society of History and Antiquities Ross., . had to make a speech "in memory of the deceased Bose the Emperor Alexander III", . in a swarm of liberal-minded historian, praised the late Emperor, . for which he was booed by students, . not approve conformist behavior favorite professor,
. In 1900 Klyuchevskii was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences, but it has not changed his life. In 1900 - 1910 he began to read lectures in Moscow. uch-School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where his students were many prominent artists. FI. Chaliapin in his memoirs wrote that Klyuchevskii helped him understand the image of Boris Godunov to the benefit performance at the Bolshoi Theater in 1903. Klyuchevskii was convinced that "the human person, human society and the nature of the country ... major historical forces ". The life of mankind in its development and results "- the essence of the historical process. To know the process - thought Klyuchevskii - possibly through the historic personality of the people and the human personality. The sense of history - in the national consciousness. Deep knowledge of historical sources and folklore, the possession of skills of historical portraits, aphoristic style have Kliuchevskoi one of the most widely read and respected historians of the late XIX - beginning. XX in.