NAKANE Chie

(p. 1926) - Japan. sotsioantropolog. In 1950 she graduated from Tokyo University Press (Department of History of Oriental Philology at. fac-cho). In 1970 - prof. Later - Director Inst east. Cultures of Tokyo University are. Since 1987 - Honorary Professor. Tokyo Zap. N. belongs to a so-called. particularistic direction in Japanese. sociology and social anthropology, which emphasizes a relativistic approach to the study of Japanese. of the Society and Culture and close to their positions to the Brit. School of Social Anthropology. The most famous H. brought one of the most popular theories 'Nihondzin Ron' - the theory of islands with vertical interpersonal relations 'Papa Shaka', in a swarm, it allocates two OCH. type of trunking on tap. on the islands of the world: the first type - the group consisting of a qualitatively identical terms and folding over a single attribution of these members, ie. common origin, for example., ODA. age, gender, professional, social categories (the principle of 'quality' - 'Chikako'); Tues. type - group, including 'quality' of diverse, but linked by a single place, 'field' of members (eg, village, school, Institute, Company) (the principle of 'place' - 'ba'). In the first type of groups among their members are positioned horizontally, in fact equal relationship, in Tues. - Vertical, hierarchical. Linked by a single institutional framework. In any of the island of coexistence of both types of groups and each individual is both a member and of both types; on islands differ only on the functional significance of these groups. N. calls on the islands with the functional groups dominated the first type of 'horizontal on-you' ( 'eco Shaka'), vt. type - 'vertical on-you' ( 'Papa Shaka'). The first dominant general identification: for example, a man, posing as commonly referred to as his profession - 'I - the doctor' or 'I - compositor', etc., in Tues. - Identification of the place of work or study, and a person familiar, calls his first company, Institute, school, etc., identifying itself primarily with ODA. instrumentality. The first type of in-include Western, Indian, Chinese, to Tues. - Japanese. In Japanese. group identification 'place' ( 'ba') is of paramount importance, qualitative identity ( 'Chikako') is secondary. Institutional unit (school, company, etc.) actually - the basis of Japanese. social organization. A prototype of it - tradition. Jpn. Family 'IE'. For Japan. Groups typical closed, vertical connections between its members. The role of the leader is determined primarily by the individual's place in the group and his personal relationships with other members of her. Strong functional relationships in Japan. Group established on an informal basis. In Japanese. on-ve it is impossible for a man who is head of board-l. formal organization, had a subordinate, informally associated with the leader of another organization. Basis for Japanese. intragroup differentiation - the rank and status. Vertical relationships are more dynamic than horizontal, with their patronage of senior subordinated pay affection and devotion. In this type of a group of social exchange is not equivalent to, relations are emotions. and interdependent role depersonalize and poorly differentiated. 'Vertical Reports of' not stratified by class, social classes, castes, and institutions and groups of institutions, which leads to numerous. vertical split in the on-ve. Therefore, in Japan, not so much the workers are fighting with the capitalists, as one company against another. On this basis, develops a vertical social structure of Japanese. of the Society in general.
Criticism reproached H. for ignoring its elements horizontal stratification, with the anti-historicism (as the vertical relationship in Japan has not contacted her with ODA. hist. contexts). However, the theory H. has been actively adopted by foreign experts and has become the basic socio-cultural model of Japanese. ob-va.

H. actively compare the social anthropology of the Asian-in (India, Tibet, etc.).