Bede

(lat. Beda Venerabilis, Baeda, Bede)
. (672 / 673, Monkton, Jarrow, Durham - 25.05.735, Jarrow)
. A boy of seven was given for education Vermutskogo abbot of the monastery in Northumberland, and three years later transferred to the monastery of Jarrow in Durham, where he was ordained as a deacon (19 years), then 30 years old - to the rank of presbyter
. In Jarrow, in the monastic silence, leaked almost all life B.D. All scientific work and giving herself to teaching, he was satisfied with the modest rank of presbyter, although his pupils occupied the episcopal chair in England. Died BD, on his deathbed, dictating the translation of the Gospel of John in the Anglo-Saxon. Title Venerabilis was given to him shortly after his death. In 1899. B.D. was canonized Catholic Church.

Works B.D. were all of the then scientific knowledge. By the mathematical and natural-scientific writings B.D. include: "De natura rerum" ( "On the Nature of Things") - a textbook of cosmology, "De temporibus liber" ( "Book of Time") - an essay, written in 703 g. and then processed in 726 g. more extensive under the title "De ratione temporum" ( "The calculus of the time), and applied to the first composition Chronicle also been refining and expanding in the" Chronicon sive de sex aetatibus mundi "(" Chronicle or the six ages of the world "). The latter was the main source for the subsequent compilation of world chronicles, as well as for historians of the Middle Ages in general. Practically important result of the chronological work B.D. was a preference to use from this time chronology of the Nativity. Great fame and name of "father" of English history brought B.D. his work "Ecclesiastical History of the Angles".

Prominent among heritage B.D. occupy his thoughts on astroteologii (see). Popular in the Middle Ages had developed its system of celestial spheres. It was composed as follows: air, ether, fire space, empyrean, sky angels, and the sky Trinity. B.D. argued, . that the Earth is an element, . placed in the middle of the world, it is in the middle of the Universe, . like the yolk, . located in the middle of the eggs around the water is, . like around the egg yolk protein; around the water with air, . how about egg protein is containing its shell, . and all this surrounded by fire, . resembling an egg shell ",
.

B.D. made also in favor of assigning the constellations, having a "pagan" names, names associated with Christianity (see. Christianity and astrology).

B.D. credited with inventing the regulars solar calendar system.