Franz Brentano (Brentano Franz)

(1838-1917)
Brentano argued that 'the true method of philosophy is different from the method of science'. His view of the scientific philosophy has had an enormous influence on later German philosophers, such as Meynong and Husserl, as well as logical positivism. Translations of works by Brentano in English aroused interest in his ideas in English-speaking countries.
Franz Clemens Brentano Honorat was born in Marienberg January 16, 1838. He was educated at German universities, became a Catholic priest in 1864. Since 1866 he worked at the Faculty of Philosophy University of Wц?rzburg, was at first assistant professor and then professor. In 1870 at the Vatican I was approved by the dogma of the infallibility of the pope, and, after a period of hesitation and doubt, Brentano in 1873 left the church and the position in a Catholic school. In 1874 became a citizen of Austria and a professor, and then assistant professor, University of Vienna. His pupils were Freud, C. Stumpf, E. Husserl, Masaryk. He left Austria in 1895, continuing the study of philosophy in Florence, although it developed blindness. Since the beginning of World War I moved to Switzerland. Brentano died in Zurich, March 17, 1917.

In his seminal work with the empirical Psychology point of view (Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt, 1874), Brentano proposed the concept of intentionality phenomena of consciousness (or 'intentional existence' objects of consciousness). Human beings perceive in the experience of the phenomena of two kinds: physical, such as sounds and colors, and mental. The essential characteristic of mental phenomena is the fact that they are directed at a particular object. Unable to think, does not think anything, to see, not seeing anything, to love without loving something. This focus is meant when people talk about 'intentionality' phenomena of consciousness. Physical object has no idea intentsionalnostyu.Eta Brentano resulted in the 20. to the study of such intentional phenomena as meaning, cognition, perception, reference, and intention. Brentano also belongs to the idea of a so-called. descriptive psychology, he wrote several works on the critique of language and logic.

Among the major works of Brentano - Research psychology sensations (Untersuchungen zur Sinnespsychologie, 1907), On the classification of psychological phenomena (Von der Klassifikation der psychischen Phnomene, 1911).