Karlheinz Stockhausen (Stockhausen Karlheinz)

(p. 1928)
One of the biggest innovators of modern art, Stockhausen has opened up new expressive possibilities in the fields of electronic and serial music aleatoricheskoy. Among the main ideas of the composer - the need to perceive the music of the 'dot'. For example, the title of one of the works - 'Moments' - suggests that the listener enjoys the sound of every single moment, without trying to understand the interrelationship of all the dramatic moments. In many works of Stockhausen applied the principle aleatoriki: Executive may have fragments of musical material in arbitrary sequences, . interest because each moment is enclosed in himself and does not depend on the situation of the moment within the whole,
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Stockhausen was born in Medrate near Cologne August 22, 1928. In 1947 enrolled at the Cologne Higher School of Music and later studied in Paris with Olivier Messiaen, and worked in the studio musique concrete (musique concrte) Pierre Schaeffer. Electronic Studies Stockhausen (1953-1954) were the first notirovannym and published works of electronic music. In 1960 Stockhausen was one of the leaders in the field of serial music and one of the first European composers, . perceptived born in America, the idea of 'random' - aleatoricheskoy music, . in which the organization in the performance of specified musical elements provided the occasion,
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In many works by composers of the 1960's provides live interpretation (live performance) electronic sounds. Thus, the microphone-1 two performers move the microphones on the surface it-Tama, while the other four artist processes the sounds on synthesizers. Among other works of 1960, belonging to different genres and styles - Telemuzyka (Telemusik) (containing excerpts from the Japanese traditional music) and national anthems (Hymnen) in electronic and concrete sound.

Among the most significant opuses Stockhausen: Measure time (Zeitmae, 1956) - an extremely difficult composition for five woodwinds, Song of boys (Gesang der Jnglinge, 1956) - 'musique concrete', ie. music, . consisting of natural sounds, . in this case from the processing of sounds of children's voices; Group (Gruppen, . 1958) for three orchestras; Kare (Carr, . 1960) for four orchestras and singers; Contacts (Kontakte, . 1960) - electronic music; Medicine (Mixtur, . 1965) for the five bands, . stereo modulators (electronic devices, . alter the sound) and speakers, . through which reproduces the pre-made magnetic recording,
. Many essays Stockhausen on music theory published in the German quarterly magazine 'Di Rayet' ( 'Die Reihe').