GLUSHKOV Valentin Petrovich

GLUSHKOV Valentin - 02.09. (21.08.) .1908, . Odessa - 10/01/1989, . Moscow - the largest Soviet scientist in the field of rocket and space technology, one of the pioneers of rocket and space technology, the founder of the domestic liquid-propellant rocket engine, general designer of reusable space rocket complex "Energy" - "Buran", . Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1958; Corresponding member since 1953), . Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, . 1961),
. Member of the CPSU since 1956.

In 1921, became interested in space issues since 1923 corresponded with K.E. Tsiolkovsky, in 1924 published a popular science and scientific work on space. After studying at the Leningrad University (1925-1929) worked in the GD labs (1929-1933), . in 1929 formed a unit to develop electric propulsion, . Rocket engines and liquid propellant missiles, . continued to work in a reactive Research Institute (SRI No 3 ICPC) (1934-1938), and reorganized in the EDB-CD (1941), . then called OKB-456 now NPO Energomash Academician VP Glushko,
. 1941-74 chief designer. With 22.05.1974-10.01.1989 general designer of NPO Energia.

23/03/1938 was arrested by the NKVD g. Moscow on the basis of information, have the NKVD on the subversive activities of VP. Glushko in rocketry. (Indictment Central Archive of the FSB No R18935 (18102)). 28/03/1938 signed Decree on measures of restraint and being charged under Article. 58-7-II, and his detention. Based on the acts of technical expertise, held at the Institute on orders of the NKVD, as well as denunciations A.G. Text-Yukov, Pankin, mK. Tikhonravova, LS. Dushkin etc.. 15/08/1939 Special Meeting with the NKVD sentenced him to 8 years of corrective labor camps, but was subsequently left to work in tehbyuro

. First he was sent to Moscow of Aviation Motors plant in Tushino, . where he was drafting an auxiliary rocket engine installed in the twin-engined C-100 for forcing the aircraft maneuvers, . and then in 1941 in Kazan for the continuation of work,
. Under the leadership of VP Glushko for the period before 1944 were created family support aircraft rocket engine RD-1, . RD-1HZ, . RD-2 and RD-3 pumping stations of nitric acid and kerosene, . controllable thrust and maximum thrust at sea level from 300 to 900 kg,
. These engines have been in 1943-1946 he. ground and flight tests on aircraft Pe-2F, La-7R and 120ц°, Yak-3, Su-6 Su-7 and. 1HZ engines RD-and RD-2 passed the state tests, reports on which approved by Stalin.

According to a letter from Beria to Stalin 16.07.1944 with a request to release dostochnom designers for works of major importance to national defense, VP 02/08/1944. Glushko was released and sent to Germany to get acquainted with captured German missile technology.

30/05/1956 ruling of the Special Meeting of the NKVD was overturned and the case for lack of evidence dismissed. VP Glushko was fully rehabilitated.

Major works are devoted to theoretical and experimental studies on critical issues of creation and development of rocket engines and spacecraft. Design the world's first electro-thermal rocket engine, the first domestic rocket engines, liquid propellant missiles RLA. Designer LRE: MPA, MPA-1 - MPA-70, -101, -102, RD-1 - RD-3, RD-100 - RD-103 RD-107 and RD-108 rocket for "East", RD - 119 and RD-214 for the Proton, the RD-301 and many. dp. Under his leadership, has developed powerful rocket engines for low-boiling and high boiling fuel used is not the first stage and second stages of the majority of all the Soviet rocket and many. long-range military missiles. In 1930, proposed as a propellant rocket engines, nitric acid, . solutions of nitrogen tetroxide in nitric acid, . tetranitpometan, . peroxide, . perchloric acid, . beryllium (with hydrogen and oxygen), . with beryllium powder, . developed a profiled nozzle and insulation of the combustion chamber zirconium dioxide,
. In 1931 the suggested chemical ignition and samovosplomenyayuscheesya fuel rocket engine gimbal for missile flight control. In 1931-33 designed units for the fuel in rocket engines - piston, turbo pump with centrifugal pumps, and many. dp.

Gold Medal. K.E. Tsiolkovsky Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1958), degree of. Paul Tissande (FAI) (1967). Member of the International Academy of Astronautics (1976). Member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 7-11-th convocation. Member of the CPSU Central Committee since 1976. Lenin Prize, USSR (1957), USSR State Prize (1967, 1984). Awarded 5 Orders of Lenin (1956, 1958, 1961, 1968, 1978), the Order of the October Revolution (1971), Order of Red Banner of Labor (1945); medals: "To celebrate the 100 th anniversary of the birth of VI. Lenin "(For Labor Merit) (1970), . "XXX years of Soviet people's victory in the Great Patriotic War" (1975), . "40 years of Soviet people's victory in the Great Patriotic War" (1985), . "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War" (1945), . "Veteran of Labor" (1984), . In Memory of 800 anniversary of Moscow "(1948),
.

Honorary Citizen of 8 cities. In Odessa, a bronze bust on the Promenade, and a memorial plaque on the house 10 to Olgievskoy st., Where he lived from 1921 to 1925. In Kazan Aviation Institute building on the memorial board. In 1994 the decision of the International Astronautical Federation, his name naznan crater diameter of 43 kilometers on the reserve near side of the moon.

Books: "The problem of exploitation of the planets" (manuscript) 1924, Rockets and their device applications, M. - L., 1935 (together with G.E. Langemak) liquid fuel for jet engines, h. 1, Moscow, 1936; Missile Technology. Sat. articles,. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, M. - L., . 1937; Sources of energy and their use in rocketry ", . M., . Oborongiz, . 1949; Rocket engines GDL-OKB, . M., . 1975, . Way to Missile Technology 1924-1946, . selected works, . M., . Fully automated, . 1977; development of rocketry and astronautics in the USSR, . M., . ed,
. 1 st 1972, ed. 2-e 1981, ed. 3rd 1987, Encyclopedia "Space", 1985 (gl.redaktor), Handbook of thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of substances in 10 volumes (hl. Editor).

Encyclopedic reference
GLUSHKOV Valentin Petrovich (p. September 2, 1908 - January 10, 1989), Academician of the USSR (1958; Corr. 1953), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1961) ... In 1921, became interested in space issues, from 1923 correspondence with Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, in 1924 published a popular science and scientific work on space. After graduation, he worked at the Leningrad University in the GD Laboratory (1929-1933), . in 1929 formed podrazledenie to develop ETDs, . Rocket engines and liquid rocket teplive, . continue working in a jet Scientific Research Institute (1934-38), and reorganized in EDB (1941), . then referred to as GDL-OKB (in 1941-74 chief designer),
. Since 1974, General Designer. Major works are devoted to theoretical and experimental studies on critical issues of creation and development of rocket engines and spacecraft. Constructor of the first in the world electrothermal RD, the first domestic rocket engines, liquid propellant missiles RLA. Designer LRE: MPA, MPA-1 - MPA-70, -101, -102, RD-1 - RD-3, RD-100 - RD-103 RD-107 and RD-108 rocket for "East", RD - 119 and RD-214 for the Cosmos ": RD-253 for the Proton, the RD-301 and more. Under the leadership of Glushko developed powerful rocket engines for low-boiling and high boiling fuels used in the early stages and most of the second stages of the modern rocket and many long-distance combat missiles. In 1930, proposed as a propellant rocket engines, nitric acid, . solutions of nitrogen tetroxide in nitric acid, . tetranitromethane, . peroxide, . perchloric acid, . beryllium (with hydrogen and oxygen), . with beryllium powder, . developed a profiled nozzle and insulation of the combustion chamber zirconium dioxide,
. In 1931 the suggested chemical ignition and self-igniting fuel rocket engine gimbal for missile flight control. In 1931-33 designed units for the fuel in rocket engines - piston, turbo pump with centrifugal pumps and more. Gold Medal. K.E. Tsiolkovsky Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1958), degree of. Paul Tissande (FAI). Member of the International Academy of Astronautics (1976). Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 7.11 convocations, ... Lenin Prize (1957), USSR State Prize (1967, 1984). Awarded 5 orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, Order of Labor Red Banner and medals. Honorary Citizen of Odessa, Kaluga, Elista, etc.. Bronze bust and plaque installed in Odessa.