Paul von Hindenburg (Hindenburg, Paul von)

Hindenburg, Paul von (Hindenburg) (1847 - 1934). Military, General Field Marshal, commander of the German army in 1916 - 1917 gg., Political and public figure in Germany.

Participated in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), resigned in 1911, but with the beginning of the First World War returned to the army. At the beginning of the war Hindenburg commanded troops in East Prussia. Defeated the Russian army at Tannenberg and the Masurian marshes at (1914). These successes have created the glory Hindenburg. In honor of its one town of East Prussia was renamed Hindenburg. In 1923, Mr.. in this city, most of the municipality were the Communists, who decided to rename the city in Leninburg. In 1916, Mr.. Chief of General Staff. Heavily influenced the actions germanskogo Emperor Wilhelm II. In 1925, Mr.. Hindenburg elected president of the Weimar Republic. Re-elected in 1932. Contributed to the arrival of a. Hitler came to power by appointing him chancellor in January 30, 1933


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. Hindenburg (Hindenburg, von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg) Paul von (2.10.1847, Poznaе? - 2/8/1934, Nejdek), Germanic military and statesman, General-Field Marshal (1914)
. Born in a family of Prussian officer, graduated from the Cadet. Member of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. In the period 1 st World War, 1914-18 from the end of August 1914 commanded the 8 th Germanic army in East Prussia, and from November - the troops of the Eastern Front. In August 1916 the chief of staff, in fact chief. An alliance with right-wing Social Democratic leaders, militarists, headed by Hindenburg, in the November 1918 revolution in Germany's crackdown on the revolutionary workers. In 1925 the block right-wing parties made Hindenburg elected president of the Weimar Republic. Supported military-monarchist and fascist organizations, was honorary chairman of the military organization "Steel Helmet". Politics Hindenburg contributed to the revival of Germany's war potential and the restoration of Germany's military power. In 1932 was with the help of right-wing Social Democratic leaders of the newly elected president. January 30, 1933 handed over power in the hands of the Nazis, Hitler authorizing the formation of the government.

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. Hindenburg, Paul (Hindenburg, Paul von) (1847-1934), president of the Weimar Republic
. Born Oct. 2, 1847 in Posen (now Poznan, Poland), graduated from the Cadet Corps in Valshtatte, at the age of 18 was determined in the 3rd infantry regiment in Danzig (now Gdansk, Poland). Took part in the Battle of Keniggretse that ended the seven-week Austro-Prussian war of 1866. During the Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871 distinguished himself in the Battle of Saint-Privat, served as a regimental adjutant at Sedan and Paris. Participated in the ceremony launching Germanskoy Empire Palace of Versailles (18 January 1871). After the war, Hindenburg studied at the Military Academy (until 1876). In 1878 he was identified in the General Staff, which served under fieldmarshals G.fon Moltke, A.fon Waldersee, A.fon Schlieffen.

In 1881, while in Konigsberg, worked on a plan of defense of East Prussia in the event of an invasion of Russian troops. In 1903-1911 commanded the 4 th Army Corps in Magdeburg. Resigned in 1911.

August 22, 1914 Hindenburg was appointed commander of the 8 th Army in East Prussia (Chief of Staff of the army was General E. Ludendorff). Hindenburg defeated the Russian army invaded East Prussia, first in the battle of Tannenberg (26-31 August), and then at the Masurian Lakes (7-12 September). Late autumn invaded Poland, and won the battle of Lodz. In 1915-1916 fought on the Eastern Front, and in August 1916 headed the General Staff of the armed forces of Germany.

Winter 1917-1918 Hindenburg and Ludendorff prepared the March (1918) attack on the western front, hoping to end the war before it enters the U.S.. Hindenburg did not take Amiens, the French General Foch F. counter-attacked in the second battle of the Marne, and took the initiative in their hands. September 28, 1918 Hindenburg urged the Government to conclude a truce. During the revolution of 1918 supported the supporters of the republic. Newly retired in 1919.

After the death of Reichsprdsident Weimar Republic, Friedrich Ebert Foundation in February 1925 may stand Hindenburg as their candidate against the candidate TN. Weimar coalition (Social Democrats, the Party and the Democratic Party of Germany), W. Marx. April 26, 1925 at the age of 78 years Hindenburg was elected President of the Reich Weimar Republic.
During the first term of presidency, Hindenburg to follow the articles of the Weimar Constitution, 1919, kept the workers from striking, assisted program G. Stresemann to implement the Locarno treaties and the entry into the League of Nations. June 30, 1930, five years before the contract time, from the Rhineland had been withdrawn the French troops of occupation. During the financial crisis in the summer of 1930 supported Hindenburg Chancellor Helmut Bruning, blossoming Reichstag and ruled the country by decree. In the presidential election of 1932 in the second round Hindenburg received 19, 36 million. votes (53%) against 13, 4 million. (36, 8%) of votes cast for Hitler, and was re-elected President of the Reich. Attempts Chancellor K.fon Schleicher split the Nazi party were unsuccessful, and 30 January 1933 Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor. Hindenburg died in Nejdek (West Prussia, now Poland), August 2, 1934


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. Hindenburg, Paul von (Hindenburg, Ludwig Hans fon Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg), (1847-1934), President of Germany, the military and statesman, General-Field Marshal (1914)
. Born Oct. 2, 1847 in the family of Prussian officer in Poznan. He graduated from the Cadet. Member of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. During the 1-st World War, with the end of August 1914, commanded the Hindenburg 8 - First Germanic army in Vost. Prussia, and from November - the troops of the Eastern Front. Since August 1916 he became Chief of Staff, Chief of fact, getting the status of national hero and the nickname "Iron Hindenburg". After the death of 28 February 1925 the first president of the Weimar Republic, Friedrich Ebert, Hindenburg, with the support block right-wing parties had agreed to run for president. April 26, 1925, receiving 14.6 million. votes, Hindenburg was elected president. By announcing that he intends to adhere strictly to the Weimar constitution and conditions of the Versailles Treaty in 1919, he, nevertheless, was to support the military-monarchist and Nazi organizations. Hindenburg was the honorary chairman of the military organization "Steel Helmet". Politics Hindenburg contributed to the revival of Germany's war potential and the restoration of Germany's military power.

April 10, 1932 he was with the help of right-wing Social Democratic leaders of the newly elected president, receiving 53% of votes (19,359,650; Hitler - 13,418,011; Telman - 3,706,655 votes). May 30, 1932 Hindenburg dismissed from the power of the Chancellor Heinrich Brц?ning and replaced it with Franz von Papen, representing the interests of the Reichswehr and the magnates of heavy industry. Once in the Reichstag elections in July and November 1932 the National-Socialist Workers' Party of Germany received widespread support and became the strongest party in the country, . before the Hindenburg was a question on the appointment of a coalition government, . which would include Hitler and the Nazis,
. 30 January 1933 Hindenburg handed over power in the hands of the Nazis, Hitler authorizing the formation of the Government. Since then, political activism and influence Hindenburg began to fall.
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. After the bloody events of "Night of Long Knives" Hindenburg signed a congratulatory telegram to Hitler, . prepared by the same Fuhrer: "Based on reports received, only that I found, . that with your determination and your personal courage, you have managed to strangle the machinations of traitors in the bud,
. I commend to you this telegram to my deep appreciation and sincere thanks. Accept the assurances of my best feelings ". Von Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934 at his family estate Noydeke. August 12, t. e. and a half weeks after the death of the marshal, was published his will. No one had any doubts that the document is forged, a few sentences telling that they are written clearly under the dictation of Hitler, because exactly coincide with those of Hitler. Will ended with the following words: "My Chancellor Adolf Hitler and his movement have allowed the people of Germany to make a decisive step towards historical internal unity, rising above all class differences and diversity of social conditions. I leave my Germanic people with a firm hope that my expectations which were formed in 1919 and gradually matured until 30 January 1933, will develop to the full and complete implementation of the historic mission of our people. Firmly believing in the future of our country, I can safely close your eyes "


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. Hindenburg, Benekendorf und von Hindenburg (Benekendorff und von Hindenburg) Oskar von (31.1.1883, Koenigsberg - 12.2.1960, Bad Harzburg), military and public figure, Lieutenant General (1.4.1942)
. The son of President and Field Marshal P. Von Hindenburg. He graduated from the Academy of General Staff. 22.3.1903 entered a lieutenant in the 3rd Guards Infantry Regiment. Participant 1 WWI. After the demobilization of the army on the Reichswehr. In mid-1920. attached to his father as an aide. In 1925, after the election ottsareyhsprezidentom, began his military aide. Was the closest adviser to his father. When the leading industrialists of Germany 1/10/1927 gave his father's estate Noydek, it was recorded on the Hindenburg, in order to subsequently avoid a large inheritance tax. 22.1.1933 together with O. Meissner secretly visited a. Hitler and had a talk with him face to face, during which Hitler had convinced him of the need to transfer power to him. According to Meissner before he was against any contacts with the Nazis. January 24. PA was a tea and. von Ribbentrop, where he continued to negotiate with the Nazis. Then began actively persuade his father to appoint Hitler Chancellor. His position has greatly contributed to the adoption of his father's decision on the formation of 30.1.1933 government headed by Hitler. After the Nazis came to power about 5 thousand. acres he had received in 1927, have been institutionalized and is exempt from tax. Father's death in August. 1934, for a number of data-taking part (or at least was a whistle-blowing. Falsification final phrase having the nature of the will 'Appeal to the German people', in which Hindenburg appointed Hitler as his successor. 18/8/1934 spoke on the radio and said: 'My forever gone from our father himself saw Adolf Hitler in his direct successor as supreme head of the Reich'. 30.9.1934 retired with the rank of Major-General. Since the beginning of 2 nd World War, returned to the army and appointed deputy commander 1/9/1939 Army Corps 1. On 25.10.1939 occupied the rear positions, and was appointed commander of 10.1.1941 POW camps in 1 Military District (East Prussia). In December. 1944 evacuated in western Germany and 28.2.1945 left the service.