Tomas Masaryk

He was educated in Vienna and the University of Leipzig. Since 1876, Mr.. - Doctor of Philosophy, in 1882 - 1914 he. - Professor of philosophy at Prague University. One of the founders (1889), liberal political group "Realists" (up to 1890. associated with a political party starochehov, then - with mladochehov), liberal Czech folk [realist Party (1900), Czech Progressive Party], speaking for the autonomy of the Czech Republic in the Austro-Hungarian. For philosophy Masaryk, assimilated the ideas of British and French positivists, characterized in general religious and ethical orientation. In its 1 st work on the sociology of it linked the suicides to the loss of religious faith and, as a consequence - the meaning of life: "Suicide as a social mass phenomenon of modern civilization. Prague, 1881. Turning (late 1880-s.) To the philosophical and historical research, he seeks religious "sense of history". He has systematically opposed the Marxist revolutionary labor movement: "The social question. Philosophical and sociological foundations of Marxism ". Prague, 1898 and other. Before 1-st world war, has gained popularity with their performances against the Austrian reaction, anti-semitism and clericalism. He was repeatedly elected deputy of the Austrian Parliament. In 1887, 1889, 1910,. visited Russia, met with LN. Tolstoy. In 1913, Mr.. published a book "Russia and Europe" (t. 1 - 2), written in the tradition of Slavophilic F.M. Dostoevsky. Since December 1914. - In exile (Geneva, Paris, London, Chicago, Washington, Boston). Founded in Paris, the Czech National Council (1915), was oriented in the creation of an independent Czechoslovak state in the Entente. In May 1917 - March 1918. was in Russia, has sought rapprochement with the Cadets. In his speeches and statements supported the policy of the Provisional Government. October Revolution 1917. met with hostility. In the Soviet camp was considered one of the organizers of the revolt of the Czechoslovak Corps, supported anti-Soviet terrorist group Savinkov. In December 1918. arrived in Prague, while in November the same year elected the first Czechoslovak president (re-elected in 1920, 1927, 1934).. However, Benes was the leading representative of the liberal-bourgeois groupings Grad - Steering powerful core of Czechoslovakia 1918 - 1938 he. In foreign policy was guided by the Western powers, conducted anti-Soviet policy, contributed to the device in Czechoslovakia who emigrated from Russia.