CLAUS (Klausen), Arne Martin

(p. 1927) - dan. culturologist, sotsialantropolog. Since 1961 curator etnogr. Oslo Museum. In 1968 he defended his Doctor. dis. about dan. humanitarian aid projects in Kerala, South. India, and in 1971 became Professor. sotsialantropologii Zap Oslo.

In addition to studies of other humanitarian projects and the role of anthropology for the understanding of societies, the problems of developing and developed countries to. studied the role of art and culture in society, the system ( 'Sociology of Art', 1977). K. is the author's theory. Cultural work on 'Culture - variation and relationship' (1970) and 'Culture. System and chaos' (1992).

In his view, there are two decomp. representations of culture: one - value-oriented, ie. focused on improving the quality, characteristics of the scale of development, another - a descriptive, ie. proper notion of culture as a form of human activity. With two concepts of culture indirectly, respectively, two ways of dealing with alien cultures: etnotsentrich. and cultural relative, or comparative.

In his definition of social identity to. shared notion of status (the totality of the rights and responsibilities of the individual) and roles (in the functioning of personality within the framework of status).

The emergence of complex science of culture is, according to K., a direct consequence of human. On the one hand, the threat of cultural traditions and values, to-Rui bears Scientific and Technical. progress confronts cultural researchers to accurately diagnose injuries and develop recipes for preserving the cultural traditions. With others. hand, thanks to scientific and Technical. progress of mankind has reached a stage when it is time isolated on-in remains far behind. Sovrem. person has the opportunity to become acquainted with many options th. cultures, each of the k-ryh insists on its uniqueness. This trend leads to increased clashes between cultures, and hence the desire to know the underlying patterns of their development and interaction.

Edited By. published Sat. Articles sovr. dan. culturologists in a rum-specific studies are dan. culture OCH. characteristics to-swarm, according to scientists, are the strong egalitarian tradition, the patriarchal ideology of justice, informal associations, monitoring, regionalism, antiintellektualistich. trends.