BELL, Alexander Graham (Bell Alexander Graham)

Born March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh (Scotland). He studied at Edinburgh University, he studied rhetoric under the guidance of his grandfather, founder of the school of oratory. At age 16, became a teacher of rhetoric and music at the Academy Weston-Hauc (Scotland).

In 1865 he moved to London, worked as an assistant of his father, a professor of rhetoric, University of London. In 1870 his family moved to Canada. In 1871-1873 he worked at the Boston School for the Deaf, since 1873 professor of physiology at the organs of speech at Boston University.

Having studied acoustics and physics of human speech, began to experiment with the apparatus, in which the membrane under the influence of oscillating sound waves, vibrations transferred to the needle, burn them onto a rotating drum. Gradually, Bell came to the idea of creating a device with which 'will be possible to transfer different sounds, if I can cause fluctuations in current strength, corresponding to fluctuations in air density, which makes this sound'. At the same time Bell was working on the problem of simultaneous transmission of multiple telegraph messages on one wire (multi-channel telegraph), . and, . experimenting with the set up of 'musical telegraph', . discovered the phenomenon, . which led to the invention of the telephone,
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February 14, 1876 Bell and at the same time with the inventor J. Gray filed a patent application for the invention of the telephone. The patent was issued to Bell on Mar. 7, 1876, but only in 1893, after numerous trials, the U.S. Supreme Court allowed the priority dispute in his favor. March 10, 1876 Bell sent the first voice message transmitted by wire with electricity. Among other inventions, Bell - the improvement of the phonograph by Edison, the use of flexible aileron together with a rigid support surface for the aircraft flight control. Total Bell has published over 100 articles and received 30 patents.

Bell was awarded A. Volta, established by Napoleon, and in 1877 awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor. For his work on acoustic physiology Heidelberg University awarded him an honorary degree in medicine. Bell died in a Bain-Bray (Nova Scotia, Canada) on 2 August 1922.