Andrц? BRETON (Breton Andre)

(1896-1966)
The son of a trader from Normandy. Born February 19, 1896 in Tenshbre (Department of Orne). He studied medicine, assuming the deal in the future of psychiatry, but soon took up literary work.
Between 1916 and 1924 was associated with an eccentric Dadaist movement, which originated in Zurich. Breton, he studied the works of Sigmund Freud and William Blake's poem, Lotreamona, A. Rimbaud and G. Apollinaire. Around 1922 to implement fully the nature of authoritative Breton: quarreling with the Dadaists, . He published his first manifesto of surrealism (the word 'surreal' invented died in 1918 Apollinaire), . for which in 1928 was followed by the landmark work of Surrealism and Painting (Le Surralisme et la peinture) - Second, . more thorough Manifesto of Surrealism,
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Although Breton's difficult to call a great poet, his identity manifested itself in several collections of poetry - in particular, in the gray-haired revolver (Le Revolver cheveux blancs, 1932). In the painting he had a more profound and lasting impact: within one or two decades, most young artists in France and other countries inspired by the ideas of surrealism. Breton was an authoritarian leader and would not tolerate objections, so many of his students pushed his tyranny. Among the literary masterpieces of the Breton owned mysterious and graceful novel Nadja (Nadja, 1928); book communicating vessels (Les Vases communicants, 1932); pathetic duologue - Furious Love (L'Amour fou, 1937) and an arch 17 (Arcane 17, 1945).

In 1939-1940 Breton served as a military doctor, in 1941 he emigrated to the U.S.. Returning to Paris in 1945, again turned to literary work. One after another, he published his book, including interviews (Entretiens, 1952), on all four sides (La Cl des champs, 1953) and Magical Art (L'Art magique, 1957). Breton died in Paris on September 28, 1966.