Lucius Shares (Accius Lucius)

Shares, Lucius, Accius Lucius, 170 - ok.85 gg. BC. e., a Roman tragic poet and the first great Latin scholar. Son freedman, was born in Umbria. From early youth was in Rome, where, during a live (especially after the lectures Krata) interest in philology carefully studied literature and grammar. A. dedicated himself to literary pursuits, and stood aloof from public life, . explaining, . that he is the lord only over the thoughts and speeches of the heroes of his tragedies, . but the forum could not foresee the attacks of his opponents, . order to be able to answer them,
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A., although in Rome enjoyed great respect even in aristocratic circles, was able to maintain independence. There he experienced no lack of opponents of the aristocrats, as evidenced by the dispute with Lutsiliem. To deepen their knowledge, undertook a trip to Greece, which was then in Rome was already quite widespread usage. In A Drama. confined himself to the tragedy, which brought to the highest point of its development in Rome. In 140 g. competed on stage with 80-year Pakuviem, who shortly thereafter left Rome. A Tragedy. appreciated Cicero and Velay Paterkul. A. undoubtedly belonged to the most fertile time of the tragedian.

We know about. 45 titles of tragedies, from which only fragments have survived (just over 700 poems). According to the adopted in Rome, customs and. reworking of Greek tragedy, especially Euripides and Sophocles. as well as the later Greek tragedians. The subject of his plays is primarily concerned with the Trojan and Theban mythological cycles. It is difficult to say how a. perelitsovyval their original sources, when only a few surviving Greek tragedies of his original. Comparison of extracts Bacchae (Bacchae, fr.) Action from Bacchantes Euripides allows us to conclude that A. correctly reflects the Greek text. Small changes to the original Euripides and in Phoenician (Phoenissae, fr.). Certainly more have been reworked Antigona (Antigona, fr.) And Prometheus (Prometheus, fr.).

Sometimes A. sufficiently far departed from the sample, and even did not hesitate to alter the myth, for example, in a dispute about weapons (Armorum indicium, fr.). In this tragedy, he argued with Pakuviem, in which the drama of the same name, according to the traditional version of the myth, the resolution of the dispute on weapons of Achilles contributed Trojan prisoners. U A. same weapon was awarded to Ulysses, after a long fight, in which Ulysses, a man of words, won rights case - Ajax. Effects of tragedy does not end there, however, disputes about weapons. A. also presented the death of Ajax, mainly in order to Ulysses, a suspect in the murder of the hero, could once again show off his eloquence. This shows how rhetorical tragedy was a. This is quite consistent with the tastes of the Romans, because the tragedy A. staged for some time after his death, for example, 57 g. Evrizak, 55 g. - Clytemnestra, 44 g. - Terey.

Some of the sayings of the characters A. were aphorisms, such as: "Oderint, dum metuant" - Let them hate, as long as they were afraid (Atreus; fr. 5). A. is also the author of two dramas on the Roman theme. As Brutus, he presented the expulsion of the last king Tarquinia Brutus. It seems plausible that this play was written in honor to be on friendly terms with A. Junius Brutus, consul of 138 g. The theme of another drama, Decius (Aeneadae sive Decius), was a voluntary death of one of the consuls Decius Musa (P. Decius Mus) in the Battle of Sentinumom in 295 g. A few poetic treatises A. presented his views on the theater and various historical and literary problems. The didactic nature had Didascalica in 9 books, the first of which was devoted to the epic, and the second - drama, in which the product A. outlined, albeit very superficial and often mistaken for a chronology of Roman authors and ideas about the authenticity of comedies attributed to Plautus.

Based on the surviving fragments is not clearly a form of this work, perhaps it was Menippean satire, that is, prose interspersed with verse (sm. Menippus). Issues drama and theater devoted A. its pragmatics (at least 2 books). Description of annual holidays contain written, probably hexameters Annals (Annales). Although the name and refers to the well-known historical epic Ennia, none of the surviving fragments do not regard the historical events. Only one, not very clear fragment preserved from the works of A. Parerga (Supplement), possibly representing a didactic poem, such labor and days of Hesiod. Fruit of philological research A. was an attempt to reform the Latin spelling. It is unknown whether a written. this single work, outlining the basis for their reforms, or used the new spelling only in his poetry. In any case, the Latin grammar show that A. partially took the sample Greek spelling, . proposing instead to write gg ng, . however, objected to the use of Greek letters y and z; and partly relied on the tradition of other Italic languages, . mostly, . Umbrian and ostiyskogo, . insisting on a doubling of long vowels, . e, . o, . u, . but i offered to long to write as ei,
. Traces of a Spell. we find in Latin inscriptions from 132 g. the first half of I in. BC. e. Proposal A. provoked controversy by Lutsiliya and Varro Reatinskogo.