Ushinskaya Konstantin

(1824-1870) - Russian teacher. The founder of educational psychology in Russia. Developed on the principle of nationality, a system of ideas aimed at comprehensive development and improvement of the whole person based on raising a training ( 'Man as a subject of education', 1868-1869). In this system the most important place was given to the situation that the mental qualities of man are formed in unity with their neurophysiological basis. Fundamental category of U. considered 'polurefleksy' to-Eye belonged to the diversity of skills and habits. Appeal to this category allows us to consider the activity of consciousness (soul) as a factor in effect is therefore likely to be converted under the influence of body. To assimilate reflexes as a result of education have. attributed habits. Thanks to them, the child acquires the ability to-ryh he was not from nature. In this case the fore U. advanced the moral meaning of habits, in contrast to the simple skill that arise through the exercise: 'good habit is the moral capital, the human condition in his nervous system'. Thus moral determination, given the general mode of life of the people, acted as' the most important factor for constructing specifically human level of neuro-psychic activity of the individual, the basis of its full formation. Much attention have. care about the psyche in different age periods, . correlating the specific characteristics of this development with the problems of didactics, . construction of the educational process and the organization of the educational influences on the child in the unity of the physical, . moral and intellectual 'parameters' of his life.,