Benoit Paul ц?mile Clapeyron (Clapeyron Benois Paul Emile)

(1799-1864)
Born January 26, 1799 in Paris. He graduated from Ecole Polytechnique (1818). Worked at the Institute of Railway Engineers in St. Petersburg (1820-1830). Upon his return to France became a professor at the School of bridges and roads in Paris.
Works Clapeyron dedicated thermal processes. In 1834 he introduced to the thermodynamics of the graphical method, presenting a geometric form of reasoning Carnot. In the same year brought the equation of state of ideal gas (Clapeyron equation), bringing Boyle - Mariotte, Gay-Lussac's law and Avogadro's law. That was the simplest ratio applicable to a certain degree of accuracy to real gases at low pressures and high temperatures (in 1874 it was generalized Mendeleev and is now known as the equation of Mendeleev - Clapeyron). Obtain an equation relating the boiling point (or melting) of substances and the pressure (equation of Clapeyron - Clausius, the latter substantiate this equation in 1851).

Clapeyron died in Paris on January 28, 1864.