Herbart Johann

(1776-1841)
Born in Oldenburg May 4, 1776. In Jena in 1794, studied under Fichte, in Interlaken in Switzerland, where he was to serve as a mentor in 1797-1800, met the reformer of the education system IG Pestalozzi. From 1805 Herbart - an extraordinary professor at the University of Gottingen. In 1808, on the recommendation of Alexander von Humboldt Foundation - a naturalist, traveler and statesman - he took the chair of pedagogy and philosophy in Konigsberg (after Kant). In Konigsberg Herbart remained for 24 years, until he returned in 1833 as a professor of philosophy at GцІttingen. Herbart died in KцІnigsberg on Aug. 14, 1841.
Herbart's views are interesting because, having developed the theory of ideas, in other words, in the spirit of the philosophy of Leibniz and Kant (its main concept - 'real' - connects the idea of a thing in itself and the idea of monads), he then set about developing the theory of teaching ideas, etc. e. Pedagogy. As a philosophy and pedagogy Herbart had a significant influence on the subsequent development of these disciplines. In psychology, to be known as proposed the concept of 'apperception mass'. Influence of Herbart in higher education has been felt in Austria and the United States until the appearance of works of John Dewey, . where it has found expression in emphasizing the importance of literature and history at the time of, . when the chief was considered the study of ancient authors and Mathematics,
. According to the method of training Herbart, new ideas should be presented so that students could clearly see their relationship with known him ideas. Known TN. 4 Steps learning Herbart: clarity (or presentation), the association, the system (or generalization), method (or use). Numerous works have been published thinker in 12 volumes in 1850. Among the most known: the psychology as knowledge, . again based on experience, . metaphysics, and mathematics (Psychologie als Wissenschaft, . neu gegrndet auf Erfahrung, . Metaphysik, . und Mathematik, . 1824-1825); idea Pestalozzi the alphabet perception (Pestalozzis Idee eines ABC der Anschauung, . 1802); Universal pedagogy (Allgemeine Pdagogik, . 1806),
.